Chinese Evergreen

Basic Information

Common Name: Chinese Evergreen

Scientific Name: Aglaonema commutatum

Native Habitat: Philippines and parts of Indonesia.

History / Discovery / Cultivator

The Aglaonema commutatum, commonly known as the Chinese Evergreen, has a rich history rooted in the tropical regions of Southeast Asia. Its journey from the dense, humid rainforests of the Philippines and Indonesia to homes and offices worldwide is a fascinating tale of botanical exploration and horticultural innovation.

The genus Aglaonema, which includes Aglaonema commutatum, was first described by the Austrian botanist Heinrich Wilhelm Schott in 1829. Schott was a prominent figure in the botanical world of his time, serving as the director of the Imperial Gardens at Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna. His work focused on aroids, a family of plants that includes many popular houseplants like philodendrons and monsteras, and Aglaonema was among the genera he meticulously studied and classified.

While Schott provided the initial scientific framework, the popularization and widespread cultivation of Aglaonema commutatum owe much to the efforts of plant collectors and breeders who recognized its ornamental potential. The plant’s appeal lies in its attractive foliage, which displays a range of patterns and colors, and its relative ease of care, making it an ideal choice for indoor environments.

Specific details about the individual who first discovered or cultivated Aglaonema commutatum are difficult to pinpoint definitively. However, the plant’s presence in its native regions has been documented for centuries. Indigenous people in the Philippines and Indonesia likely utilized the plant for various purposes, though specific historical records detailing their uses are scarce.

The commercial cultivation of Aglaonema commutatum gained momentum in the 20th century as horticulturalists began to hybridize and select for desirable traits, such as improved leaf coloration, compact growth habits, and increased disease resistance. These efforts led to the development of numerous cultivars, each with its unique characteristics, which further contributed to the plant’s popularity.

Notable figures in the cultivation of Aglaonema include various plant breeders and nurseries across Southeast Asia, Europe, and the United States. These individuals and institutions played a crucial role in introducing new varieties to the market and refining cultivation techniques to optimize plant health and appearance. While their individual names may not be widely known, their collective contributions have been instrumental in shaping the Aglaonema industry.

The geographical origins of Aglaonema commutatum are primarily concentrated in the Philippines and parts of Indonesia. Within these regions, the plant thrives in the understory of tropical rainforests, where it receives filtered sunlight and consistent moisture. The specific islands and provinces where the plant is most abundant are often kept proprietary by plant collectors to avoid over collection of rare variants.

Today, Aglaonema commutatum is cultivated globally as a popular houseplant. Its adaptability to various indoor conditions, coupled with its aesthetic appeal, has cemented its place as a staple in homes, offices, and public spaces. The ongoing efforts of plant breeders continue to produce new and exciting cultivars, ensuring that the Chinese Evergreen remains a beloved and sought-after plant for years to come.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Aglaonema commutatum exhibits several adaptations that allow it to thrive in its native environment and as a houseplant. One key adaptation is its tolerance for low-light conditions. In the shaded understory of tropical rainforests, sunlight is often filtered and diffuse. The Chinese Evergreen has evolved to efficiently capture and utilize this limited light for photosynthesis. Its broad leaves provide a large surface area for light absorption. Another important adaptation is its ability to tolerate relatively low humidity levels. While it prefers moderate to high humidity, it can survive in the drier air found in many homes and offices, making it a resilient houseplant. The plant’s waxy leaves also help to reduce water loss through transpiration, allowing it to conserve moisture in drier conditions. Furthermore, Aglaonema commutatum possesses a degree of drought tolerance, allowing it to withstand occasional periods of dryness between waterings. This is due to its ability to store water in its stems and leaves. The plant’s ability to adapt to a wide range of conditions has contributed to its popularity as a low-maintenance houseplant.

Propagation Methods

Several propagation methods can be used to successfully multiply Aglaonema commutatum:

• Stem Cuttings: This is one of the most common and effective methods. Cut a stem section with at least one node (where a leaf grows) and place it in water or directly into moist potting mix. Roots will typically develop within a few weeks.
• Division: Mature plants can be divided into smaller clumps, each with its own roots and shoots. Carefully separate the root system and pot each division separately. This is best done during repotting.
• Air Layering: For larger plants, air layering can be used. Make a small cut in the stem, wrap it with moist sphagnum moss, and cover it with plastic wrap. Once roots develop, cut the stem below the roots and pot the new plant.

Toxicology

Aglaonema commutatum is considered toxic to both humans and pets due to the presence of calcium oxalate crystals. If ingested, these crystals can cause a range of symptoms. In humans, common symptoms include immediate pain and irritation in the mouth, tongue, and throat. This can lead to difficulty swallowing and speaking. Excessive drooling may also occur. While rarely life-threatening, the discomfort can be significant. For pets, such as cats and dogs, the symptoms are similar. They may paw at their mouths, drool excessively, and experience vomiting. In severe cases, swelling of the airways can occur, although this is uncommon. It is important to keep Aglaonema commutatum out of reach of children and pets. If ingestion is suspected, rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and seek medical or veterinary attention, depending on who ingested the plant. Antihistamines or other medications may be prescribed to alleviate the symptoms.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Mealybugs
• Spider mites
• Aphids

Diseases:

• Root rot (due to overwatering)
• Leaf spot (fungal or bacterial)
• Stem rot

Other:

• Leaf yellowing: Often caused by overwatering or poor drainage.
• Brown leaf tips: Can be caused by low humidity, inconsistent watering, or fertilizer build-up.
• Slow growth: May be due to insufficient light or nutrients.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

While the standard Aglaonema commutatum is relatively common, certain cultivars and variations can be considered rare. Factors contributing to rarity include: unique variegation patterns (especially those that are stable and highly contrasted), slow growth rates (limiting propagation speed), and limited availability due to breeder exclusivity. Also, older varieties can be lost to the market and considered rare due to the plant no longer being widely propagated.

Value:

The value of an Aglaonema commutatum specimen is influenced by several factors. Plant size and maturity typically increase value. The quality and stability of variegation patterns is a major factor; highly variegated and stable plants command higher prices. Current trends among plant collectors also play a role, with certain cultivars becoming highly sought after and increasing in value accordingly. A good root system, lack of pest presence, and overall health also impact value. Older specimens may have increased value due to the size and maturity of the plant, but may also fetch a lower price than newer cultivars due to the collectibility of rare plants shifting to the new hybrids.