Basic Information
Common Name: Lacy Tree Philodendron
Scientific Name: Philodendron selloum
Native Habitat: Southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
History / Discovery / Cultivator
Philodendron selloum, now properly classified as Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum, boasts a rich history interwoven with botanical exploration and horticultural fascination. Its journey from the subtropical rainforests of South America to homes and gardens worldwide is a testament to its enduring appeal.
The plant was first described botanically by Austrian botanist Heinrich Wilhelm Schott in 1856, initially placed within the Philodendron genus due to its morphological similarities to other members. Schott, a prominent figure in the study of Araceae (the aroid family), contributed significantly to our understanding of these plants. He dedicated considerable effort to classifying and documenting numerous species, and his initial work with Philodendron selloum provided a crucial foundation for future studies.
The native range of Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum encompasses the Atlantic rainforests of southeastern Brazil, extending into parts of Paraguay and Argentina. In these environments, it thrives as a hemiepiphyte, often germinating on other trees and developing aerial roots that eventually reach the ground. This adaptable growth habit allows it to access sunlight and nutrients within the dense forest canopy.
While the exact details of its early cultivation history remain somewhat obscure, it’s likely that Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum was collected and introduced to botanical gardens and private collections relatively soon after its initial scientific description. The allure of its dramatic foliage and relatively easy cultivation undoubtedly contributed to its increasing popularity. Over time, it became a staple in tropical and subtropical landscapes, valued for its bold texture and architectural presence.
The plant’s adaptability also facilitated its spread as a popular indoor plant. As people discovered its ability to thrive in indoor conditions with adequate light and humidity, it made its way into homes around the globe. Its relatively low maintenance requirements and striking appearance solidified its position as a favorite among plant enthusiasts.
The reclassification of Philodendron selloum as Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum in recent years reflects advancements in molecular phylogenetics. DNA analysis revealed that it is more closely related to other species within the Thaumatophyllum genus, prompting the taxonomic revision. While the change may cause some initial confusion, it underscores the ongoing efforts to refine our understanding of plant relationships.
The plant’s enduring popularity can be attributed to its remarkable combination of beauty, resilience, and adaptability. From its origins in the South American rainforests to its current status as a beloved ornamental plant, Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum has captivated generations with its majestic presence. Its continued cultivation and study will undoubtedly reveal even more about its fascinating biology and ecological role. While cultivated for decades it has only been reclassified recently, leading to some confusion in the horticultural trade, and making the older classification still very widely used.
Plant Care Summary
| Category | General Requirement | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Light | Bright, indirect | Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the leaves. |
| Water | Moderate | Allow the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. |
| Humidity | Moderate to High | Prefers humidity levels above 60%. Mist regularly or use a humidifier. |
| Temp. Range | 65-80°F (18-27°C) | Avoid sudden temperature fluctuations and cold drafts. |
| Soil Type | Well-draining | Use a well-draining potting mix, such as a mix of peat, perlite, and vermiculite. |
| Fertilizer | Balanced, liquid | Feed with a balanced liquid fertilizer every 2-4 weeks during the growing season (spring/summer). |
| Toxicity | Toxic | Contains calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause oral irritation, excessive drooling, and vomiting if ingested. |
Botanical Insights
Adaptations
Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum exhibits several notable adaptations that contribute to its success in both its native rainforest habitat and as a cultivated plant. One key adaptation is its hemiepiphytic growth habit, which allows it to climb towards sunlight in the dense forest canopy. Its thick, aerial roots not only provide support but also absorb moisture and nutrients from the air and surrounding environment. The large, deeply lobed leaves maximize light capture in the shaded understory. These leaves are also relatively tough and waxy, helping to reduce water loss in the humid environment. As a houseplant, its tolerance of lower light conditions and its ability to adapt to a range of humidity levels contribute to its ease of care and widespread popularity.
Propagation Methods
Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum can be propagated through several methods, with stem cuttings being the most common and reliable. To propagate via stem cuttings, select a healthy stem segment with at least one node (where leaves emerge). Allow the cutting to callous over for a day or two before planting it in well-draining potting mix. Keep the soil consistently moist and provide warmth and humidity to encourage root development. Division is another viable method, particularly for mature plants with multiple stems or crowns. Carefully separate the plant into smaller sections, ensuring that each section has its own roots and foliage. Plant the divisions in fresh potting mix and provide adequate care. Seed propagation is possible but less common, as seeds can be difficult to obtain and germination rates may be variable.
Toxicology
Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum contains calcium oxalate crystals throughout its tissues, which are toxic to both humans and animals. If ingested, these crystals can cause immediate pain and irritation in the mouth, tongue, and throat. Symptoms may include excessive drooling, difficulty swallowing, and vomiting. In severe cases, swelling of the airways can occur, although this is rare. Contact with the sap can also cause skin irritation in some individuals. It is important to keep this plant out of reach of children and pets. If ingestion occurs, rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and seek medical or veterinary attention. While the plant is considered toxic, the severity of the reaction is typically mild to moderate.
Common Problems
Pests:
- Spider mites
- Mealybugs
- Scale
Diseases:
- Root rot (due to overwatering)
- Fungal leaf spots
Other:
- Yellowing leaves: Often caused by overwatering, underwatering, or nutrient deficiencies.
- Browning leaf tips: Typically caused by low humidity or inconsistent watering.
- Leggy growth: Insufficient light can cause the plant to stretch and become leggy.
Rarity & Value
Rarity:
While Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum itself is not considered rare, certain variegated forms or cultivars may be more difficult to find. The variegation can be unstable or slow to propagate, leading to limited availability and higher prices. The ‘golden’ cultivars, with their uniquely hued foliage, can also be in higher demand than the standard variety, and harder to source.
Value:
Several factors influence the market value of Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum specimens. Larger, more mature plants typically command higher prices due to their size and established growth. The presence and quality of variegation, if any, also play a significant role. Plants with stable, well-defined variegation patterns are generally more valuable than those with inconsistent or fading variegation. Overall plant health and appearance, including the absence of pests or diseases, also contribute to the overall value. Collector demand and current trends can also influence prices, with rare or unique cultivars fetching premium prices.
