Longspur Barrenwort

Basic Information

Common Name: Longspur Barrenwort

Scientific Name: Epimedium diphyllum

Native Habitat: Shaded woodlands of Japan.

History / Discovery / Cultivator

Epimedium diphyllum, commonly known as Longspur Barrenwort, hails from the shady, moist woodlands of Japan, specifically the island of Honshu. This delicate and elegant groundcover has a history intertwined with traditional Japanese gardens and a growing appreciation for woodland plants in modern horticulture.

While precise details of its initial “discovery” in the Western scientific sense are scarce (as it was likely known and utilized locally for centuries), Epimedium diphyllum gradually gained recognition within botanical circles and plant collectors. Japanese gardeners have long appreciated its graceful form and the subtle beauty of its spring blooms, incorporating it into traditional garden designs where it thrives beneath the canopy of larger trees and shrubs.

The introduction and popularization of Epimedium diphyllum outside of Japan can be attributed to the growing interest in Asian flora and woodland gardening during the late 20th century. Plant explorers and nursery owners, keen to introduce unique and resilient plants to the Western market, played a crucial role. Individuals and nurseries specializing in Epimedium species have been instrumental in cultivating and distributing this particular species. Though pinpointing a single individual as the definitive “cultivator” is difficult, the collective efforts of various botanical gardens, nurseries, and plant enthusiasts have contributed significantly to its availability and appreciation today.

The geographical origin of Epimedium diphyllum in the cool, moist, shaded forests of Honshu has profoundly shaped its horticultural requirements. This woodland heritage dictates its preference for well-draining, humus-rich soil and protection from intense sunlight. Its ability to thrive in shaded environments makes it a valuable addition to gardens where other plants struggle to flourish.

The plant’s appeal lies not only in its aesthetic qualities but also in its resilience. Once established, Epimedium diphyllum is relatively low-maintenance and can form a dense groundcover, suppressing weeds and adding a touch of understated elegance to the landscape. It is a testament to the beauty and adaptability of plants from the Far East, now appreciated by gardeners and plant lovers across the globe. Its delicate spring flowers, usually white, and the beautiful foliage which often takes on bronze hues in cooler months, provide year-round interest. Newer selections are often being made and propagated for slightly different leaf shapes or stronger bronze coloration of the foliage.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Epimedium diphyllum exhibits several adaptations suited to its native woodland environment. Its rhizomatous root system allows it to spread slowly and steadily, forming a dense groundcover that helps to suppress weeds and retain moisture in the soil. The plant’s tolerance of shade is a key adaptation, enabling it to thrive under the canopy of taller trees and shrubs where sunlight is limited. The delicate, nodding flowers are adapted for pollination by small insects, and the plant’s deciduous foliage allows it to conserve energy during the cold winter months. The leathery foliage also has a degree of drought tolerance once established.

Propagation Methods

Epimedium diphyllum is most commonly propagated by division in early spring or fall. This involves carefully digging up the plant and separating the rhizomes into smaller sections, each with healthy roots and foliage. The divisions can then be replanted in prepared soil. Seed propagation is also possible, but it is a slower and less reliable method. Seeds should be sown fresh in a cold frame in the fall. Division is generally the preferred method due to its speed and higher success rate.

Toxicology

Ingestion of Epimedium diphyllum can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in humans and pets. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Skin contact with the plant’s sap may also cause mild skin irritation in some individuals. While not considered highly toxic, it’s best to keep the plant out of reach of small children and pets, and to wear gloves when handling it. If ingestion occurs, contact a medical professional or veterinarian, or contact your local Poison Control Center.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Aphids
• Spider mites
• Slugs

Diseases:

• Root rot (if soil is poorly drained)
• Fungal leaf spot

Other:

• Leaf scorch: Caused by excessive sun exposure or drought stress.
• Poor flowering: Caused by insufficient light or nutrient deficiencies.
• Slow growth: Epimedium diphyllum can be a slow-growing plant, particularly in less-than-ideal conditions.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

While not exceedingly rare, Epimedium diphyllum isn’t as commonly available as some other Epimedium species. Its relatively slow growth and reliance on division for propagation can limit its availability. Specific cultivars with unique foliage or flower characteristics may command higher prices due to their limited supply.

Value:

The value of Epimedium diphyllum specimens typically depends on their size, maturity, and overall health. Larger, more established plants will generally be more expensive than smaller ones. The presence of healthy foliage and abundant flowers also contributes to its value. Currently, there isn’t an overwhelming collector trend driving the prices dramatically high, but its increasing popularity amongst gardeners and landscapers is steadily growing demand.