Nandina

Basic Information

Common Name: Nandina

Scientific Name: Nandina domestica

Native Habitat: Eastern Asia (Japan, China)

History / Discovery / Cultivator

Nandina domestica, commonly known as Nandina or Heavenly Bamboo, is a captivating evergreen shrub native to eastern Asia, particularly Japan and China. Despite its common name suggesting a bamboo connection, Nandina is actually related to barberries (Berberidaceae family). Its history is deeply intertwined with Asian gardens and culture, where it has been cultivated for centuries.

The plant’s journey into Western horticulture began in the early 19th century. While precise details regarding the initial discovery are somewhat scarce, it’s generally accepted that European botanists and plant collectors encountered Nandina during expeditions to eastern Asia. These early encounters led to the introduction of Nandina to botanical gardens and private collections in Europe and North America.

The exact individuals responsible for the initial cultivation and popularization of Nandina in the West are difficult to pinpoint definitively. However, it’s likely that prominent botanical gardens, such as Kew Gardens in London, played a significant role in propagating and distributing the plant. Early nurserymen and plant breeders also contributed to the selection and development of new Nandina cultivars with desirable traits, such as improved foliage color, compact growth habits, and enhanced berry production.

In its native environment, Nandina holds cultural significance. In Japan, it is known as “Nanten” and is often planted near temples and in gardens as a symbol of good fortune and protection against evil spirits. The bright red berries are particularly valued for their ornamental appeal and are sometimes used in traditional medicine. Chinese herbal medicine also uses Nandina for its purported medicinal properties.

Over time, Nandina has proven to be a versatile and adaptable plant, thriving in a wide range of climates and soil conditions. This adaptability, combined with its attractive foliage, colorful berries, and relatively low maintenance requirements, has contributed to its widespread popularity as an ornamental shrub in gardens and landscapes around the world. Numerous cultivars have been developed, offering a diverse array of foliage colors, plant sizes, and berry production characteristics, further enhancing its appeal to gardeners and landscapers. From its origins in the gardens of eastern Asia to its current status as a globally popular ornamental plant, Nandina domestica continues to captivate with its beauty and resilience. The selection of many cultivars has been a function of plant breeders at various nurseries.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Nandina’s adaptations reflect its native environment. Its evergreen nature allows it to photosynthesize year-round in warmer climates. The plant’s ability to tolerate partial shade enables it to thrive in woodland settings. The bright red berries serve to attract birds, which aid in seed dispersal. Nandina is also relatively drought-tolerant once established, making it well-suited to regions with seasonal dry spells.

Propagation Methods

Nandina can be propagated through several methods:

• Seed: Seeds can be collected from ripe berries, but germination can be slow and variable.
• Stem Cuttings: Semi-hardwood cuttings taken in late spring or early summer can be rooted.
• Division: Established clumps can be divided in spring or fall.
• Root Cuttings: Root cuttings can also be used to propagate Nandina, particularly in late winter or early spring.

Toxicology

Nandina is considered toxic, primarily due to the presence of cyanide compounds in its berries. Ingestion of the berries can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and respiratory distress in humans. The severity of the reaction depends on the quantity ingested and the individual’s sensitivity. Pets, such as cats and dogs, are also susceptible to Nandina poisoning. Symptoms in animals include drooling, loss of appetite, lethargy, and potentially more severe neurological signs. It is crucial to keep Nandina plants out of reach of children and pets and to seek medical or veterinary attention if ingestion is suspected.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Spider mites
• Scale
• Aphids

Diseases:

• Leaf spot
• Root rot (in poorly drained soils)

Other:

• Leaf yellowing: Can be caused by nutrient deficiencies (e.g., iron chlorosis), overwatering, or poor soil drainage.
• Poor berry production: Can be caused by lack of sunlight, improper fertilization, or frost damage to flower buds.
• Leggy growth: Occurs if the plant doesn’t get enough sunlight.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

While the species Nandina domestica is not rare, certain cultivars can be harder to find. Some of the variegated varieties may be slower growing and more challenging to propagate, increasing their rarity. Older cultivars, especially those not widely commercially propagated, might also be considered rare, prized by collectors searching for unique genetics.

Value:

The value of Nandina specimens varies based on several factors. Size and maturity are significant; larger, more established plants command higher prices. Cultivars with particularly striking or stable variegation (e.g., intensely colored foliage) are generally more valuable. The overall health and aesthetic appeal of the plant also play a role. Demand from collectors also affects pricing. Finally, the provenance of a rare cultivar might also affect the value.