Wushan Barrenwort

Basic Information

Common Name: Wushan Barrenwort

Scientific Name: Epimedium wushanense

Native Habitat: Western Hubei Province, China

History / Discovery / Cultivator

Epimedium wushanense, commonly known as Wushan Barrenwort, hails from the rugged, mountainous terrain of western Hubei Province in China, specifically near the Wushan Mountains, from which it derives its name. Its discovery is relatively recent compared to other Epimedium species, reflecting the remoteness of its natural habitat and the ongoing exploration of plant biodiversity in China.

While specific details regarding the exact discoverer or the date of initial identification can be difficult to pinpoint due to the nature of botanical exploration, the plant likely came to the attention of Western horticulturalists and botanists through expeditions and plant collecting trips to China in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. These expeditions often aimed to document and collect novel plant species, particularly those with ornamental potential.

The introduction and subsequent cultivation of Epimedium wushanense can be attributed to various nurseries and plant breeders specializing in unusual and shade-tolerant plants. Darrell Probst, a renowned American plantsman known for his work with Epimediums and other Asian plants, played a significant role in popularizing this species in North America and beyond. His introductions and descriptions of E. wushanense have significantly contributed to its availability and appreciation among gardeners and collectors.

The plant’s desirability stems from its unique combination of features: its bold, evergreen foliage, its elegant sprays of spurred flowers, and its adaptability to challenging growing conditions, such as dry shade. It’s particularly valued for its larger leaves, which provide a more substantial ground cover compared to many other Epimedium species.

Over time, various cultivars of Epimedium wushanense have emerged, selected for traits like improved flower color, leaf patterns, and overall vigor. These cultivars, often developed by specialized nurseries, further enhance the ornamental appeal of the species and contribute to its growing popularity in gardens and landscapes worldwide. The exact timeline of its cultivation is somewhat difficult to pinpoint, but by the early 2000s, it was becoming increasingly available in specialized nurseries catering to collectors of unusual perennials. Its relatively recent introduction and ongoing development of new cultivars ensure it remains a plant of interest for both botanists and garden enthusiasts. The appeal of Epimedium wushanense lies not only in its ornamental qualities but also in its resilience, making it a valuable addition to gardens in various climates.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Epimedium wushanense exhibits several notable adaptations that contribute to its survival in its native environment and its success as a garden plant. Its evergreen foliage allows it to photosynthesize year-round in milder climates, maximizing its energy production. The plant’s rhizomatous root system enables it to spread and colonize suitable areas, providing a means of vegetative reproduction and allowing it to withstand disturbances. The characteristic spurred flowers, held above the foliage, attract pollinators, ensuring successful sexual reproduction. Its tolerance of dry shade, a challenging environment for many plants, is a key adaptation, allowing it to thrive in areas where competition from other species is reduced. The relatively thick, leathery leaves reduce water loss, further contributing to its drought tolerance.

Propagation Methods

Epimedium wushanense can be effectively propagated through several methods:

• Division: This is the most common and reliable method. Divide established clumps in early spring or fall, ensuring each division has a good portion of roots and foliage.
• Rhizome Cuttings: Sections of rhizome can be taken and planted separately. Ensure the cutting has at least one node (bud) for successful growth.
• Seed: While possible, propagation from seed can be slow and variable. Collect ripe seeds and sow them in a cold frame in the fall or spring after stratification.

Toxicology

Epimedium wushanense is considered mildly toxic. Ingestion of any part of the plant can cause mild stomach upset and gastrointestinal irritation in humans and pets (cats and dogs). Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The plant contains compounds that can irritate the digestive system. While serious poisoning is rare, it is best to keep the plant out of reach of young children and pets. If ingestion is suspected, contact a medical professional or veterinarian.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Aphids
• Spider Mites
• Slugs and Snails (especially on young foliage)

Diseases:

• Fungal Leaf Spots (especially in humid conditions)
• Root Rot (in poorly drained soils)

Other:

• Leaf Scorch: Caused by excessive sun exposure, particularly in hot climates.
• Poor Flowering: Can result from insufficient light or nutrient deficiencies.
• Slow Growth: Common in overly dry or nutrient-poor soils.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

While not exceedingly rare, Epimedium wushanense can be considered uncommon compared to more widely cultivated Epimedium species. Its relative rarity stems from its specific native habitat, somewhat slower growth rate, and the fact that it is a newer introduction to horticulture compared to other species within the genus. Propagation can be more challenging than with some other Epimediums, further contributing to its less common availability. Certain cultivars with unique foliage patterns or flower colors may be particularly rare and sought after.

Value:

The value of Epimedium wushanense plants is influenced by several factors. Larger, more mature specimens command higher prices due to their established root systems and greater visual impact. Plants with particularly striking flower colors or unique leaf patterns (such as those with interesting veining or variegation) are also more valuable. The overall health and vigor of the plant, as well as the presence of multiple flowering stems, contribute to its perceived value. The current trends in the collector plant market can also influence demand and pricing, with unusual and less common plants often fetching higher prices. The reputation of the nursery or supplier can also play a role, with plants from reputable sources often considered more desirable.