Creeping Comfrey

Basic Information

Common Name: Creeping Comfrey

Scientific Name: Symphytum grandiflorum

Native Habitat: Caucasus region, Turkey

History / Discovery / Cultivator

Symphytum grandiflorum, commonly known as Creeping Comfrey, originates from the Caucasus region and parts of Turkey. Its discovery as a distinct species likely occurred during botanical explorations of these regions, although specific details about the original discoverer are not widely documented. The Symphytum genus itself has a longer history of use, primarily with Symphytum officinale, which has been used medicinally for centuries.

While the exact date of when Symphytum grandiflorum was first formally introduced into cultivation is difficult to pinpoint, it gained popularity as a ground cover due to its attractive foliage and delicate, bell-shaped flowers. Its “creeping” nature, where it spreads horizontally through rhizomes, makes it an effective ground cover in shaded or woodland gardens. Unlike its larger and more aggressive cousin Symphytum officinale, Symphytum grandiflorum is less prone to becoming invasive.

The plant’s appeal lies in its adaptability to various soil types and its ability to thrive in partial to full shade. This makes it a valuable addition to gardens where many other plants struggle. Over time, botanists and gardeners have selected various cultivars of Symphytum grandiflorum for improved traits such as flower color, leaf variegation, and more compact growth habits. Some popular cultivars include ‘Hidcote Blue’ and ‘Wisley Blue’. These cultivars have been selected and propagated by nurseries and horticultural societies, contributing to the plant’s wider availability.

The plant’s common name, Creeping Comfrey, reflects both its growth habit and its relation to other members of the Symphytum genus, many of which are referred to as comfreys. The use of comfrey plants for medicinal purposes dates back to ancient times, with Symphytum officinale being particularly well-known for its purported healing properties. While Symphytum grandiflorum also contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which can be toxic in large doses, it is primarily valued for its ornamental qualities rather than its medicinal uses.

Its introduction to Western gardens probably happened gradually as botanical gardens and private collectors started sharing and propagating the plant. Today, Creeping Comfrey can be found in gardens across Europe and North America, where it serves as a reliable and attractive ground cover, especially in woodland settings or shaded areas. Its ease of cultivation and its relatively non-invasive nature compared to other comfreys have contributed to its continued popularity among gardeners. It is essential to note the potential toxicity of the plant and to avoid ingestion.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Creeping Comfrey’s adaptations primarily revolve around its ability to thrive in shady, moist environments. Its broad leaves allow it to efficiently capture sunlight even in low-light conditions. The rhizomatous root system enables it to spread quickly and effectively colonize an area, outcompeting other plants for resources. This spreading habit also helps it to stabilize soil on slopes. Furthermore, its hairy leaves provide some degree of protection against herbivores and reduce water loss. The plant’s hardiness allows it to tolerate a wide range of temperatures, ensuring its survival in temperate climates with cold winters.

Propagation Methods

The most common and effective propagation methods for Creeping Comfrey include:

• Division: Dividing established clumps in early spring or fall is the easiest and most reliable method. Simply dig up the plant, separate the rhizomes, and replant.
• Rhizome Cuttings: Sections of rhizomes can be taken and planted directly into the soil. Ensure each cutting has at least one node.
• Seed: While possible, propagation from seed can be slow and the resulting plants may not be true to type, especially with cultivars. Seeds should be sown in spring.

Toxicology

Creeping Comfrey contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which can be toxic to humans and animals if ingested in significant quantities. These alkaloids can cause liver damage over time, potentially leading to veno-occlusive disease. Symptoms of pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning may include abdominal pain, jaundice, and liver enlargement. While the concentration of PAs in Symphytum grandiflorum is generally lower than in Symphytum officinale, it is still advisable to avoid consuming any part of the plant.

For pets like cats and dogs, ingestion of Creeping Comfrey can also lead to PA poisoning. Symptoms in animals are similar to those in humans and may also include lethargy, vomiting, and loss of appetite. It’s crucial to keep the plant out of reach of pets and children to prevent accidental ingestion. If ingestion is suspected, veterinary or medical advice should be sought immediately.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Slugs
• Snails
• Aphids

Diseases:

• Powdery mildew
• Rust

Other:

• Leaf scorch: Caused by too much sun exposure, particularly in hot climates.
• Leggy growth: Can occur in deep shade, where the plant stretches for more light.
• Invasive spread: While less aggressive than other comfreys, it can still spread beyond desired boundaries.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

Creeping Comfrey itself is not particularly rare, but certain cultivars with unique variegation patterns or flower colors may be less commonly available. Rarity can also be influenced by regional availability and demand within specific gardening communities. For example, a cultivar recently introduced or popularized might be considered relatively rare until it becomes more widely propagated and distributed.

Value:

The value of a Creeping Comfrey plant typically depends on factors such as:

• Cultivar: Unique or highly sought-after cultivars command higher prices.
• Size and Maturity: Larger, more established plants with extensive root systems are generally more valuable.
• Health and Vigor: A healthy, well-grown plant free from pests and diseases will fetch a better price.
• Availability: Scarcity of a particular cultivar in a given region can increase its market value.
• Provenance: Plants from reputable nurseries or with a documented history may be more valuable to collectors.