Pride of Madeira

Basic Information

Common Name: Pride of Madeira

Scientific Name: Echium candicans

Native Habitat: Madeira Islands

History / Discovery / Cultivator

Echium candicans, commonly known as Pride of Madeira, is a striking plant endemic to the island of Madeira, Portugal. Its history is intertwined with the island’s unique biodiversity and botanical exploration. Madeira, known for its subtropical climate and volcanic origins, provided the perfect environment for this impressive flowering shrub to evolve.

The discovery of Echium candicans is not attributed to a single person or date but rather unfolded as part of the broader botanical investigations of the Madeira archipelago. European explorers and naturalists, drawn to the island’s rich flora, documented and collected various plant species, including the Echium genus. While the precise details of its initial “discovery” are somewhat vague, the plant’s unique characteristics and striking appearance ensured it was soon recognized as a distinct species.

The scientific description and classification of Echium candicans were crucial steps in its formal recognition. The process involved careful examination of its morphology, reproductive structures, and genetic relationships to other Echium species. This meticulous work, usually carried out by botanists and taxonomists, provided a standardized framework for identifying and studying the plant.

Cultivation and popularization of Pride of Madeira beyond its native habitat have been gradual. Initially, it likely remained within botanical gardens and private collections of plant enthusiasts who prized its ornamental value. The plant’s tolerance of coastal conditions and relatively easy propagation through seeds further contributed to its spread. As horticultural practices improved and global plant trade expanded, Echium candicans found its way into gardens and landscapes in other regions with similar climates, such as California, Australia, and parts of the Mediterranean.

The plant’s popularity stems from its spectacular floral display. Towering inflorescences covered in densely packed, blue-purple flowers create a dramatic visual impact. These flowers attract pollinators, adding to the plant’s ecological value. Its relatively long flowering season and ease of maintenance make it a desirable addition to gardens and landscapes.

Cultivators have played a vital role in the selection and propagation of superior forms of Echium candicans. They have focused on traits such as flower color, plant size, and overall vigor, leading to the development of improved cultivars. Through careful breeding and selection, they have enhanced the plant’s ornamental qualities and made it more adaptable to different growing conditions.

In recent years, there has been growing awareness of the importance of conserving native plant species and protecting their habitats. Efforts are underway to preserve Echium candicans in its natural environment on Madeira, ensuring its long-term survival. This includes managing invasive species, protecting against habitat loss, and promoting sustainable tourism practices.

Today, Pride of Madeira stands as a testament to the beauty and resilience of island flora. Its journey from a remote island to gardens around the world highlights the role of botanical exploration, scientific classification, and horticultural innovation in shaping our understanding and appreciation of the plant kingdom.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Echium candicans exhibits several adaptations that contribute to its success in its native environment. Its woody stem and deep root system allow it to withstand strong winds and periods of drought, common in the coastal regions of Madeira. The dense covering of hairs on its leaves reduces water loss through transpiration, further enhancing its drought tolerance. The plant’s ability to thrive in nutrient-poor soils is another adaptation, as it can efficiently extract essential minerals from limited resources. Finally, the vibrant blue-purple flowers attract pollinators, ensuring successful reproduction.

Propagation Methods

Pride of Madeira is most commonly propagated by seeds. Seeds can be collected from dried flower heads and sown in well-draining soil. Seedlings should be protected from frost until they are established. Stem cuttings can also be used for propagation, although this method is less common. Cuttings should be taken from semi-hardwood growth and rooted in a well-draining medium.

Toxicology

Echium candicans contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are toxic compounds. If ingested, especially the seeds, it can cause gastrointestinal distress, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Skin contact with the sap may cause dermatitis in sensitive individuals. It is advisable to wear gloves when handling the plant. While generally considered mildly toxic, it’s best to keep it away from children and pets. If ingestion is suspected, seek medical or veterinary advice.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Aphids
• Spider Mites
• Whiteflies

Diseases:

• Root Rot (if overwatered)
• Powdery Mildew (in humid conditions)
• Fungal Leaf Spots

Other:

• Leaf Yellowing: Can be caused by nutrient deficiencies (especially nitrogen) or overwatering.
• Leggy Growth: Insufficient sunlight can cause the plant to become stretched and weak.
• Failure to Flower: May occur if the plant is not receiving enough sunlight or fertilizer.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

While not exceptionally rare globally, Echium candicans can be considered somewhat rare outside of its native Madeira Islands and regions with similar climates. Its limited natural distribution, combined with specific climatic requirements, restricts its cultivation in many parts of the world. Certain variegated forms are also more difficult to find.

Value:

The value of Echium candicans is primarily determined by its size and overall health. Larger, well-established plants with numerous flower spikes are typically more valuable. Plants with unusual flower colors or variegated foliage may also command higher prices. Demand for the plant tends to peak during its flowering season, when its ornamental appeal is most evident. Provenance isn’t generally a factor, unless the plant has some specific documented history or association with a renowned botanist/horticulturist.