Tecomanthe

Basic Information

Common Name: Tecomanthe

Scientific Name: Tecomanthe

Native Habitat: New Zealand

History / Discovery / Cultivator

The genus Tecomanthe consists of several species of climbing vines endemic to New Zealand. Their story is one of near-extinction and subsequent rescue, making them a fascinating example of conservation efforts. Tecomanthe speciosa, commonly known as the Three Kings Vine, is perhaps the most well-known species in the genus and serves as a compelling example of this history.

Tecomanthe speciosa was discovered on the Three Kings Islands, located off the northern tip of New Zealand’s North Island. These islands are a biodiversity hotspot, harboring numerous unique and endemic species due to their isolation and specific environmental conditions. The plant was formally described in the botanical literature in the early 20th century, although details surrounding the exact date and discoverer are somewhat vague in readily available historical accounts. However, its rarity was immediately recognized.

The vine’s precarious status became dramatically apparent when, by the 1940s, only a single known plant remained in the wild. This lone individual grew on Great Island, one of the Three Kings Islands. The plant’s decline was attributed to habitat loss, browsing by introduced goats (which were later eradicated from the island), and possibly natural factors such as disease or lack of suitable pollinators in such a small population.

The single remaining Tecomanthe speciosa vine became the focus of intensive conservation efforts. Cuttings were taken from the vine and propagated in New Zealand’s national botanic gardens and by enthusiastic horticulturists. These propagation efforts proved successful, and the species was gradually brought back from the brink of extinction.

The Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture played a pivotal role in the plant’s preservation, encouraging cultivation and distribution. Individuals and nurseries across New Zealand also contributed to the recovery of Tecomanthe.

Today, Tecomanthe speciosa is relatively common in cultivation within New Zealand, and it is also grown in other parts of the world with suitable climates. Its large, tubular flowers, which range in color from cream to pale pink to deep red, make it a highly desirable ornamental plant. The success story of Tecomanthe speciosa highlights the importance of botanical research, conservation efforts, and the dedication of individuals and organizations in preserving rare and endangered plant species. While other Tecomanthe species exist, the narrative surrounding T. speciosa dominates due to its dramatic brush with extinction and subsequent recovery.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Tecomanthe species, particularly T. speciosa, exhibit several adaptations that have allowed them to thrive in their native environment. One notable adaptation is their climbing habit. As vines, they can reach for sunlight in the dense forests of the Three Kings Islands and other parts of New Zealand. Their woody stems provide support as they climb, and they may use tendrils or twining stems to grip onto nearby vegetation. The large, tubular flowers of Tecomanthe species are also an adaptation for pollination. Their shape and color attract birds, which are the primary pollinators of these plants. The flowers produce copious amounts of nectar, which provides a reward for the birds and encourages them to visit other flowers of the same species, facilitating cross-pollination. Their general hardiness once established also make them suitable for a fairly wide range of environments in cultivation.

Propagation Methods

Tecomanthe can be propagated through several methods:

• Stem Cuttings: This is the most common and reliable method. Take semi-hardwood cuttings in spring or summer, treat with rooting hormone, and plant in a well-draining medium.
• Air Layering: This method can be used for larger plants. Wound a stem, wrap it in moist sphagnum moss, and cover with plastic until roots form.
• Seed: While possible, seed propagation is less common and slower. Seeds should be sown in a well-draining medium and kept moist. Germination can be erratic.

Toxicology

According to available sources, Tecomanthe species are generally considered non-toxic to humans and pets. However, it is always advisable to prevent pets and children from ingesting any plant material. While no specific toxic compounds have been identified in Tecomanthe, ingestion could still cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive individuals. It’s important to note that information on the toxicity of less common plant species can sometimes be limited, so caution is always recommended.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Aphids
• Mealybugs
• Spider mites

Diseases:

• Root rot (due to overwatering)
• Powdery mildew

Other:

• Leaf yellowing (often due to nutrient deficiency, especially iron or magnesium)
• Lack of flowering (can be due to insufficient light, lack of fertilizer, or improper pruning)
• Slow growth (can be caused by inadequate light, poor soil, or lack of fertilizer)

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

Tecomanthe speciosa was once exceptionally rare, with only one known plant remaining in the wild. Although it is now more common in cultivation, it’s still considered relatively rare compared to other ornamental plants. Its rarity stems from its limited natural habitat (the Three Kings Islands), slow growth, and the challenges involved in propagation. Certain color variations (e.g., intensely red flowers) may also be considered rarer.

Value:

The value of a Tecomanthe plant is affected by several factors:

• Size and Maturity: Larger, more mature plants with established root systems are generally more valuable.
• Flowering Status: Plants that are actively flowering or have a history of prolific flowering command higher prices.
• Rarity of Variation: Unusual flower colors or forms may increase the plant’s value.
• Overall Health: A healthy, vigorous plant with no signs of pests or diseases is more valuable.
• Provenance: Plants with a known history or from reputable sources may be more desirable to collectors.