Climbing Aloe

Basic Information

Common Name: Climbing Aloe
Scientific Name: Aloe ciliaris
Native Habitat: Eastern Cape province of South Africa, specifically in thicket vegetation, coastal scrub, and bushveld, often scrambling among other shrubs and trees.

History / Discovery / Cultivator

The Climbing Aloe, Aloe ciliaris, is a distinctive species within the large and diverse Aloe genus, known for its unusual, sprawling and climbing growth habit which sets it apart from the more familiar rosette-forming aloes. This plant was first formally described by the English botanist Adrian Hardy Haworth in 1825. Haworth was a prominent figure in the study of succulent plants during the early 19th century and published extensively on genera like Aloe, Crassula, and Stapelia. His work provided some of the earliest systematic classifications for many succulent species that were being introduced to European botanical gardens from various parts of the world, particularly South Africa.

Aloe ciliaris is native to the Eastern Cape region of South Africa. Its natural habitat is characterized by dense coastal bush, thickets, and savannah, where it utilizes surrounding vegetation for support, scrambling its way upwards. This climbing behavior is a key adaptation that allows it to compete for light in environments where it might otherwise be shaded out by taller, faster-growing plants. The ‘ciliaris’ in its scientific name refers to the ‘cilia’ or fine hairs found along the margins of the leaves, particularly noticeable at the base and on the sheaths, which is a distinguishing morphological characteristic.

While not as globally iconic as the medicinal Aloe vera, Aloe ciliaris has long been recognized by horticulturists and succulent enthusiasts for its unique form and attractive flowers. It was likely introduced into cultivation in Europe sometime in the 19th century as part of the general wave of South African plant exploration. Botanical gardens and private collectors were keen to acquire unusual succulent species, and the Climbing Aloe, with its vining habit and bright floral spikes, would have been a desirable addition. Unlike some plant species where a single individual or nursery is credited with popularizing them, Aloe ciliaris gained popularity more gradually among succulent specialists due to its ease of growth and propagation, especially from cuttings.

Its adaptability has made it a relatively common plant in succulent collections worldwide, particularly in regions with mild, Mediterranean-like climates where it can be grown outdoors. It is valued not only for its unique growth habit but also for its attractive reddish-orange flowers that appear, often in winter or spring, providing a splash of color during less floriferous times for many other succulents. Its ability to rapidly produce long stems makes it ideal for covering walls or fences, or cascading from hanging baskets, offering a different aesthetic compared to typical aloes. Over time, its resilience and ease of care in suitable conditions have solidified its place as a favored species among those who appreciate the diversity of the Aloe genus. It serves as a fascinating example of how members of this genus have evolved diverse forms and strategies to thrive in varied ecological niches.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Aloe ciliaris exhibits several key adaptations that contribute to its survival, particularly its unique climbing habit. Unlike most aloes that form basal rosettes, Aloe ciliaris produces long, flexible stems that scramble and clamber over surrounding vegetation or structures using specialized structures resembling small rootlets or holdfasts along the stem. This allows it to grow vertically, reaching for sunlight in densely vegetated areas where competition for light is high. As a succulent, it stores water in its fleshy leaves, stems, and roots, enabling it to survive long periods of drought in its native semi-arid environment. The thick, leathery cuticle on its leaves helps reduce water loss through evaporation. Its robust root system anchors the plant while also being efficient at absorbing any available moisture. The arrangement of leaves along the stem, rather than in a tight rosette, may also facilitate air circulation and reduce the risk of rot in humid conditions.

Propagation Methods

The most common and effective method for propagating Aloe ciliaris is via stem cuttings. The plant naturally produces long, jointed stems which can be easily cut. To propagate, take a section of stem several inches long, ideally with a few leaves attached. Allow the cut end to callus over for a few days to a week in a dry, shaded location. Once callused, the cutting can be planted directly into a pot filled with well-draining succulent mix. Keep the soil slightly moist but not wet. Roots typically form within a few weeks. Division of larger clumps is also possible, carefully separating stems that have rooted into the soil. While it produces seeds, propagation from seed is less common and slower for this species in cultivation.

Toxicology

Like many species in the Aloe genus, Aloe ciliaris contains anthraquinone glycosides, primarily in the yellow sap (latex) found just beneath the leaf epidermis. These compounds have a laxative effect when ingested. While Aloe vera gel (the inner leaf pulp) is widely used medicinally, the latex layer, which is present in Aloe ciliaris as well, is the source of toxicity. If humans or pets (such as cats and dogs) ingest parts of Aloe ciliaris, it can cause mild to moderate gastrointestinal upset. Symptoms typically include vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and potentially abdominal pain. The sap can also cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals upon contact. It is generally considered low in toxicity, but ingestion is not recommended and can lead to uncomfortable symptoms. Keep plants out of reach of curious pets and children.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Mealybugs (often hide in leaf axils or on stems)
• Scale insects (brown or white bumps on stems and leaves)
• Spider mites (can occur in hot, dry conditions, causing stippling on leaves)

Diseases:

• Root Rot (caused by overwatering and poor drainage)
• Stem Rot (similar cause to root rot, affecting the stem)
• Anthracnose (fungal disease causing spots or lesions on leaves)

Other:

• Leaf Yellowing: Often a sign of overwatering or poor drainage, leading to root issues. Can also indicate insufficient light.
• Browning Tips: Usually caused by inconsistent watering, very low humidity, or sometimes fertilizer burn.
• Stunted Growth: Can result from inadequate light, poor soil nutrients (though rarely needed), or being root-bound.
• Leggy Growth: Occurs when the plant is not receiving enough light, causing stems to stretch and become sparse.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

Aloe ciliaris is not considered rare in its native South African habitat and is widely cultivated globally. It is relatively common in succulent nurseries and garden centers, especially in regions with climates suitable for its outdoor growth. Its ease of propagation from stem cuttings means it can be readily multiplied by growers, which prevents it from becoming scarce in the horticultural trade. While specific cultivars or hybrids involving A. ciliaris might have slightly higher demand or be less readily available, the species itself is generally not considered rare from a cultivation perspective.

Value:

The market value of Aloe ciliaris is typically modest compared to many other succulent species, particularly rare or highly sought-after variegated forms or slow-growing specimens. Factors influencing its value include:

• Size and Maturity: Larger, more established plants with significant length or branching will command a higher price than small cuttings or young plants.
• Growth Habit: Well-grown specimens that exhibit healthy climbing or sprawling habits can be more desirable.
• Availability: Due to its ease of propagation, it’s widely available, keeping prices relatively low.
• Location: Prices may vary depending on the region and whether it’s a specialist nursery or a general garden center.
• Specific Forms: Occasionally, specific forms or hybrids involving A. ciliaris might have slightly higher value due to unique characteristics or limited availability.