Boswellia neglecta

Basic Information

Common Name: Boswellia neglecta

Scientific Name: Boswellia neglecta

Native Habitat: Eastern Africa (including Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda), Sudan, and parts of the Arabian Peninsula. It typically grows in arid and semi-arid woodlands, bushlands, and rocky hillsides, often on calcareous soils, at elevations ranging from 150 to 2,200 meters.

History / Discovery / Cultivator

The genus Boswellia is ancient and deeply intertwined with human history, primarily due to the aromatic resins extracted from several species, most notably frankincense. While Boswellia sacra is perhaps the most famous species associated with the biblical frankincense trade, Boswellia neglecta is another significant member of this esteemed genus, producing its own unique resin, often referred to as “African frankincense” or “opoponax”. The history of Boswellia resin use spans millennia, with evidence found in ancient Egyptian tombs, Roman rituals, and across various religious and medicinal practices in the Middle East and Africa. The specific botanical description and classification of Boswellia neglecta as a distinct species came much later, within the framework of formal Linnaean taxonomy, likely in the 19th or early 20th century as European botanists explored and documented the flora of East Africa. The name “neglecta” itself suggests it might have been initially overlooked or considered less significant compared to other resin-producing Boswellia species, perhaps due to its typically smaller stature or resin characteristics compared to B. sacra or B. frereana.

Unlike many commercially cultivated crops, Boswellia neglecta remains largely a wild-harvested plant. Its cultivation on a large, managed scale is not widespread. The resin is traditionally collected by local communities in its native range. The process involves making incisions in the bark, allowing the milky sap to ooze out and harden into ‘tears’ or lumps over several weeks. These hardened resins are then collected. This traditional harvesting method has been practiced for generations and is a significant source of income for many communities in the arid regions where the tree grows. However, increased demand and unsustainable harvesting practices in some areas have raised concerns about the long-term viability of wild populations. Efforts towards controlled harvesting and potential cultivation initiatives are emerging but are not yet the dominant mode of production.

The resin of Boswellia neglecta has been used locally for centuries in traditional medicine, incense, and perfumery. It is known for its balsamic, often slightly sweet, and sometimes myrrh-like aroma, distinct from the classic frankincense of B. sacra. In recent times, there has been renewed interest in Boswellia resins globally, driven by the popularity of essential oils and natural health products. This has put Boswellia neglecta more prominently on the international market, moving it from a locally utilized resource to one with broader commercial appeal. While no single individual is credited with ‘popularizing’ Boswellia neglecta in the way a specific horticulturalist might popularize a new garden variety, the collective actions of generations of traditional harvesters and the recent surge in global interest in natural resins and essential oils have brought this species into greater prominence. The focus remains largely on the resin harvest, with the tree itself primarily valued for this output rather than as a landscape ornamental or common houseplant, though succulent enthusiasts sometimes cultivate it for its unique form. The history is one of ancient resource utilization evolving into modern global commodity interest, with the plant itself remaining primarily rooted in its wild African habitats.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Boswellia neglecta is highly adapted to survive in the harsh, arid, and semi-arid environments of Eastern Africa. Its most notable adaptations include:

1. Succulent Trunk/Branches: The trunk and branches are somewhat succulent, capable of storing water to endure long dry periods.
2. Deciduous Nature: It is typically deciduous, shedding its leaves during the dry season to conserve moisture and reduce transpiration.
3. Extensive Root System: Develops a widespread, shallow root system to quickly capture scarce rainfall when it occurs.
4. Resin Production: The production of aromatic resin may serve multiple purposes, including deterring herbivores and sealing wounds, which is crucial in its dry habitat.
5. Bark Characteristics: The bark is often peeling or flaking, which may help regulate temperature and reduce water loss.

Propagation Methods

Propagation of Boswellia neglecta is primarily done through two methods:

1. Seed: Growing from seed is possible but can be slow and requires fresh seeds and specific germination conditions (often involves mimicking the natural seasonal wetting/drying cycle).
2. Cuttings: Stem cuttings are the most common method for horticultural propagation. Cuttings should be allowed to callus for several weeks before being planted in well-draining soil. Success rates can be variable depending on the cutting material and conditions, often requiring warmth and patience.

Toxicology

Based on general knowledge of the Boswellia genus and specific information available for B. neglecta, the plant itself is generally considered to have low toxicity. The resin, which is the primary product used by humans, is even consumed internally in traditional medicine and sold as a supplement (usually extracted or processed). Ingestion of large quantities of the plant material (leaves, bark, etc.) by humans or pets might cause mild gastrointestinal upset due to indigestible fibers or trace compounds, but severe poisoning is not reported. The main safety consideration, particularly with the resin or essential oil derived from it, is potential skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Always supervise pets around plants and consult a veterinarian if ingestion is suspected and symptoms occur.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Spider mites (especially in dry indoor conditions)
• Scale insects
• Mealybugs

Diseases:

• Root rot (caused by overwatering in poorly draining soil – the most common fatal issue)
• Fungal spots (less common, usually related to excessive humidity or poor air circulation)

Other:

• Leaf drop: Typically a natural response to the dry season or stress from insufficient light or water changes.
• Slow growth: Normal for arid-adapted plants, especially when young or not in ideal conditions.
• Lack of resin production: Can occur if the tree is young, unhealthy, or not provided with sufficient light and warmth.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

Boswellia neglecta is not botanically rare in its native range, where it can be quite widespread in specific suitable habitats. However, mature, well-formed specimens are less common due to factors like browsing, habitat degradation, and harvesting pressure. In cultivation outside its native area, it is relatively uncommon compared to many other succulents or caudiciform plants. Its rarity in cultivation stems from its slow growth rate, specific environmental requirements (full sun, very low water, warmth), and slower, sometimes challenging, propagation compared to more common houseplants. Accessing viable seeds or cuttings can also be less straightforward.

Value:

The value of a Boswellia neglecta specimen on the horticultural market is primarily influenced by several factors:

1. Size and Age: Larger, older specimens, especially those with a developing caudex (swollen base) or characterful branching, command significantly higher prices than young seedlings.
2. Form and Aesthetics: Plants with interesting shapes, particularly attractive trunk formations or gnarly branches, are often more valuable to collectors.
3. Health and Condition: Healthy, robust plants free from pests or signs of stress are more desirable.
4. Provenance: Legally sourced plants, especially those grown from propagated material rather than potentially wild-collected specimens, are preferred and can sometimes fetch a premium.
5. Market Demand: While not as universally popular as some Boswellia species (like those grown purely for resin), interest among succulent and caudiciform plant collectors can drive up prices for desirable specimens.