Basic Information
Common Name: Bursera schlechtendalii
Scientific Name: Bursera schlechtendalii
Native Habitat: Native to Mexico, specifically regions like Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, where it grows in tropical deciduous forests and arid scrublands.
History / Discovery / Cultivator
The genus Bursera is named after the German botanist and physician Joachim Burser (1583–1649), known for his extensive herbarium. The specific epithet schlechtendalii honors Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal (1794–1866), a prominent German botanist and professor who made significant contributions to the study of Mexican flora. Bursera schlechtendalii is part of a large and diverse genus within the Burseraceae family, often referred to as the torchwood or frankincense family due to the aromatic resins many species produce. This family includes other well-known resin-producing genera like Boswellia (frankincense) and Commiphora (myrrh).
The formal description of Bursera schlechtendalii came during the period of intense botanical exploration in Mexico and Central America in the 19th century. European botanists, often working with local collectors, were documenting the vast and previously less-studied flora of these regions. Plants from the Bursera genus were of particular interest not only for their unique morphological adaptations to arid environments, such as their peeling bark and succulent trunks (caudexes), but also for their economic potential. Many Bursera species produce fragrant resins, collectively known as copal, which have been used for millennia by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica for incense, medicinal purposes, and varnishes.
While a specific detailed historical account of the exact moment and circumstances of Bursera schlechtendalii‘s first collection and description might be obscure in general literature without delving into specific taxonomic journals from the mid-1800s, it is safe to assume it was discovered and described during the era when botanists like Schlechtendal were actively cataloging Mexican plants. The species would have been differentiated from others in the genus based on its specific leaf structure, fruit characteristics, bark patterns, and growth habit.
Unlike plants with significant agricultural or horticultural history tied to specific cultivators or plant breeders, Bursera schlechtendalii is primarily a wild species adapted to harsh, dry conditions. Its journey into cultivation, particularly as an ornamental plant, is relatively recent compared to its long natural history. It has gained popularity among succulent and caudiciform plant enthusiasts drawn to its unique sculptural form, especially the swollen base or caudex that develops with age. Cultivation efforts have largely focused on mimicking its native arid environment to encourage healthy growth and the development of its characteristic features. There aren’t specific historical cultivators credited with “improving” the species in the way one would a food crop or garden flower; rather, its cultivation history is more tied to botanical gardens, specialized nurseries, and hobbyist growers appreciating its natural form and resilience. Its propagation in cultivation primarily serves to meet the demand from collectors interested in caudiciforms and species from the Burseraceae family. The understanding of its care requirements in non-native environments has evolved through the collective experience of these dedicated growers.
Plant Care Summary
| Category | General Requirement | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Light | Full Sun / Bright Light | Requires intense light to maintain compact growth and healthy caudex. South-facing window or supplemental grow lights are ideal indoors. Outdoors, full sun is best. |
| Water | Low | Allow soil to dry out completely between waterings. Water deeply when watering. Significantly reduce or cease watering during dormancy (typically fall/winter or dry season). Susceptible to root rot if overwatered. |
| Humidity | Low | Tolerant of low humidity, consistent with its arid native habitat. No special requirements for humidity. |
| Temp. Range | Warm (>50°F) | Prefers warm temperatures. Protect from frost. Ideally kept above 60°F (15°C). Can tolerate higher temperatures if provided with adequate ventilation and not subjected to prolonged direct hot sun without airflow. |
| Soil Type | Well-draining | Requires extremely porous, gritty soil mix. Use a succulent/cactus mix with added perlite, pumice, or coarse sand. Good drainage is essential to prevent root rot. |
| Fertilizer | Low / Infrequent | Feed sparingly, typically once or twice during the active growing season (spring/summer) with a diluted balanced liquid fertilizer. Avoid fertilizing during dormancy. |
| Toxicity | Low Toxicity? | Resin can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Not generally considered systemically toxic if ingested in small amounts, but best kept away from pets and children. Research on ingestion toxicity is limited; assume potential for mild gastrointestinal upset. |
Botanical Insights
Adaptations
Bursera schlechtendalii exhibits several remarkable adaptations enabling it to thrive in its native tropical deciduous forests and arid scrublands, environments characterized by seasonal drought. Perhaps the most striking adaptation is its succulent trunk or caudex. This swollen base serves as a water storage organ, allowing the plant to survive prolonged dry periods. During the dry season or dormancy, the plant often sheds its leaves to conserve moisture, relying on the water stored in its caudex. The distinctive peeling bark is another adaptation; it can help the plant regulate temperature by sloughing off the outermost layer which might absorb heat, and in some Bursera species, the photosynthetic bark allows for continued energy production even when leafless. Its root system is often relatively shallow but widespread, efficient at capturing sparse rainfall. The plant’s ability to enter a dormant state in response to drought, coupled with its water-storing capabilities, makes it exceptionally resilient in its challenging native environment.
Propagation Methods
Propagation of Bursera schlechtendalii is typically achieved through stem cuttings or, less commonly, by seed. Stem cuttings are generally the most reliable method for enthusiasts. To propagate from cuttings, take a healthy, non-flowering stem segment, ideally 4-6 inches long, using a clean, sharp tool. Allow the cut end to callus over for several days to a week in a dry, airy location before planting. This callusing step is crucial to prevent rot. Plant the callused cutting in a well-draining soil mix suitable for succulents. Water very sparingly until roots develop, which can take several weeks to months. Providing warmth and bright light can encourage root formation. Seed propagation is possible but can be slow and less predictable, and obtaining viable seed may be challenging. Seeds should be sown in a well-draining mix and kept warm and slightly moist until germination.
Toxicology
Information regarding the toxicity of Bursera schlechtendalii specifically upon ingestion is limited, but the genus Bursera is known for producing aromatic resins, often referred to as copal. These resins are generally not considered systemically toxic when handled, but skin contact with the resin or sap could potentially cause contact dermatitis or irritation in sensitive individuals. Historically and traditionally, copal resins from various Bursera species have been used medicinally or as incense, suggesting a low level of acute toxicity in typical use. However, ingestion of plant material by humans or pets is not recommended. While severe poisoning is unlikely, eating parts of the plant could potentially lead to mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea) due to indigestible plant matter or irritating sap/resin compounds. As with any plant, it’s best to keep Bursera schlechtendalii out of reach of curious pets and small children. If ingestion occurs and symptoms develop, seeking advice from a medical professional or veterinarian is recommended.
Common Problems
Pests:
- Spider mites (especially in dry, low airflow conditions)
- Mealybugs (often found in leaf axils or on the caudex)
- Scale insects (can attach to stems or caudex)
Diseases:
- Root rot (most common problem, caused by overwatering, poor drainage, or cold temperatures)
- Fungal spots (less common, usually related to excessive humidity or poor air circulation)
Other:
- Leaf drop: Natural during dormancy (usually dry season or winter). Excessive leaf drop during the growing season may indicate overwatering, underwatering, or temperature stress.
- Failure to leaf out: Can happen after repotting or transplanting, or if the plant is not receiving enough light or warmth to break dormancy. Also a symptom of severe root rot.
- Soft, mushy caudex: A critical sign of severe root rot, often fatal if not addressed immediately by removing rotten tissue and drying out the plant.
Rarity & Value
Rarity:
Bursera schlechtendalii is not considered endangered in its native habitat, but mature specimens, particularly those with substantial, well-formed caudexes, are less common in the horticultural trade than smaller cuttings or seedlings. Its rarity in cultivation stems more from its relatively slow growth rate, especially in developing a significant caudex, and the specific care requirements needed to maintain its health and shape. Availability can vary significantly depending on specialized nurseries catering to succulent and caudiciform collectors. Wild-collected plants are generally not ethically sourced or legally traded, making nursery-grown specimens the primary source, which limits large-scale availability.
Value:
The market value of a Bursera schlechtendalii specimen is heavily influenced by several factors. The most significant is the size and form of the caudex; a large, characterful, and well-developed caudex commands a much higher price than a young cutting or seedling. The age and maturity of the plant correlate directly with caudex size and are therefore key value drivers. The overall health and aesthetic appeal, including healthy branching and bark texture, also contribute. Current trends in the succulent and caudiciform collector market can affect demand and price. While small cuttings might be relatively inexpensive, large, old, specimen-grade plants with impressive caudexes can fetch considerable prices, often in the hundreds or even thousands of dollars, depending on their quality and provenance (e.g., nursery-grown from reputable sources).
