Basic Information
Common Name: Tecomella (Genus)
Scientific Name: Tecomella
Native Habitat: Arid regions of India and Africa
History / Discovery / Cultivator
Tecomella undulata, commonly known as Rohida or Desert Teak, is a tree species native to the arid and semi-arid regions of northwestern India and parts of Africa. Its history is intertwined with the cultures and ecology of these dry landscapes. The tree has long been recognized and utilized by local communities for its timber, medicinal properties, and ecological benefits.
The scientific classification and formal description of Tecomella undulata are credited to (I was unable to find information on who formally described it, so I will leave this blank). The plant’s significance in traditional medicine systems, such as Ayurveda, is well-documented. Different parts of the plant, including the bark, leaves, and flowers, have been used to treat a variety of ailments. The timber of Tecomella undulata is highly valued for its durability, strength, and resistance to termites, making it a popular choice for construction, furniture making, and agricultural implements.
Historically, the tree has played a crucial role in agroforestry practices in arid regions. Its deep root system helps stabilize soil, prevent erosion, and improve water infiltration. The foliage provides shade and shelter for livestock, contributing to sustainable land management. Efforts to cultivate and propagate Tecomella undulata have been driven by its ecological and economic importance. Numerous nurseries and forestry departments in India have focused on raising seedlings and promoting its planting in degraded lands. It’s use in afforestation programs, aiming to combat desertification and enhance biodiversity, has become increasingly important.
The tree’s aesthetic appeal, characterized by its vibrant orange-red flowers, has also contributed to its popularity as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks. Though it’s tolerance to drought and harsh conditions makes it a valuable asset in arid landscapes, the long-term conservation of Tecomella undulata faces challenges, including habitat loss, overexploitation, and climate change. Sustainable harvesting practices and active reforestation initiatives are essential to ensure the continued survival of this iconic species in its native range. Continued research into its genetic diversity and adaptation mechanisms will also be crucial for developing effective conservation strategies.
Plant Care Summary
| Category | General Requirement | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Light | Full Sun | Requires at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily. |
| Water | Drought-tolerant | Water deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Avoid overwatering. |
| Humidity | Low | Prefers dry conditions. High humidity can lead to fungal issues. |
| Temp. Range | Warm | Thrives in temperatures between 65-95°F (18-35°C). |
| Soil Type | Well-draining | Sandy or loamy soil with good drainage. |
| Fertilizer | Minimal | Fertilize sparingly, if at all, with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season. |
| Toxicity | No significant toxicity | Generally considered non-toxic to humans and pets. |
Botanical Insights
Adaptations
Tecomella undulata exhibits several remarkable adaptations that enable it to thrive in arid and semi-arid environments. Its deep root system allows it to access water from considerable depths, even during prolonged droughts. The thick, waxy leaves reduce water loss through transpiration, conserving precious moisture. The plant is also highly tolerant of heat and drought stress, allowing it to survive in harsh conditions where other plants struggle. Its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil further enhances its resilience in nutrient-poor environments. The vibrant flowers attract pollinators, contributing to successful reproduction even in challenging conditions.
Propagation Methods
Tecomella undulata can be propagated through various methods, including seed propagation and stem cuttings. Seed propagation involves collecting mature seeds, scarifying them to improve germination, and sowing them in well-draining soil. Stem cuttings can be taken from healthy, semi-hardwood stems during the growing season and rooted in a suitable rooting medium. Air layering is another effective method, involving inducing root formation on a stem while it is still attached to the parent plant. Grafting is also used to propagate desirable cultivars or improve disease resistance.
Toxicology
Tecomella undulata is generally considered non-toxic to humans and pets. However, some individuals may experience mild skin irritation upon contact with the sap. Ingestion of large quantities of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. It is always advisable to exercise caution and keep plants out of reach of children and pets.
Common Problems
Pests:
- Aphids
- Mealybugs
- Scale
Diseases:
- Leaf spot
- Root rot
- Powdery mildew
Other:
- Leaf yellowing: Caused by nutrient deficiencies or overwatering.
- Stunted growth: Can be caused by insufficient sunlight or poor soil quality.
- Flower drop: May occur due to temperature fluctuations or water stress.
Rarity & Value
Rarity:
While Tecomella undulata is not considered globally rare, its populations are declining in certain regions due to habitat loss, overexploitation, and climate change. The slow growth rate and challenging propagation can contribute to its limited availability in some areas. Efforts to conserve and propagate this species are essential to ensure its long-term survival.
Value:
The value of Tecomella undulata is influenced by several factors, including the size and maturity of the tree, its aesthetic appeal, and its availability in the market. Mature trees with well-developed canopies and vibrant flowers command higher prices. The wood’s durability and resistance to termites also contribute to its economic value. Plants grown from seed versus cuttings can also have an impact. Conservation efforts and sustainable harvesting practices can further enhance the long-term value of this species.
