Wallflower

Basic Information

Common Name: Wallflower

Scientific Name: Erysimum cheiranthoides

Native Habitat: Europe, Asia, North America

History / Discovery / Cultivator

Erysimum cheiranthoides, commonly known as Wallflower or Treacle Mustard, boasts a history intertwined with both practical use and folklore. While not as extensively documented as some of its more ornamental Erysimum cousins, its story is no less fascinating. The plant is native to Europe and Asia, and has since naturalized in North America, indicating its adaptability and resilience. The scientific name Erysimum comes from the Greek word “eryō,” meaning “to help” or “to save,” hinting at the plant’s traditional medicinal applications. Cheiranthoides means “resembling Cheiranthus,” a genus that now encompasses a subset of Erysimum.

Historically, Erysimum cheiranthoides was recognized for its medicinal properties. Various parts of the plant, particularly the seeds, were employed in traditional medicine for their purported diuretic and antiscorbutic (scurvy-preventing) qualities. The plant contains glucosinolates, which can be converted into isothiocyanates, compounds known for their potential health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, it’s important to note that the plant can also be toxic, so self-medication is not recommended.

The plant’s rapid naturalization across continents points to its efficient seed dispersal mechanisms. The seeds are contained in siliques, which are long, slender pods that split open when ripe, releasing the seeds for wind dispersal. This efficient strategy has allowed Erysimum cheiranthoides to colonize a wide range of habitats, from disturbed areas and agricultural fields to roadsides and waste grounds. Its early appearance after soil disturbance contributes to its success as a colonizer.

Although not a cultivated ornamental plant in the same vein as Erysimum x allionii (Siberian Wallflower), Erysimum cheiranthoides is still an important part of the natural environment. Its flowers attract pollinators, and its presence provides habitat for various insects. Its tolerance of poor soils and its ability to thrive in disturbed areas make it a valuable component of ecological restoration efforts.

While the discovery of Erysimum cheiranthoides wasn’t a single event attributed to a specific individual, the process of botanical classification and understanding of its properties unfolded through the collective efforts of botanists and herbalists across centuries. Early herbalists like Dioscorides and Pliny likely recognized and documented plants similar to Erysimum cheiranthoides, although their descriptions may not perfectly align with modern botanical classifications. The formal scientific classification of Erysimum cheiranthoides reflects the culmination of these efforts. The ongoing research into the chemical constituents and ecological roles of Erysimum cheiranthoides continues to deepen our understanding of this unassuming yet significant plant.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Erysimum cheiranthoides displays several notable adaptations contributing to its widespread success. Its tolerance of poor soils and disturbed environments allows it to colonize areas where other plants struggle. The glucosinolates present in its tissues may serve as a defense mechanism against herbivores, deterring them from feeding on the plant. Its efficient seed dispersal, aided by the silique’s splitting mechanism, facilitates rapid colonization of new habitats. The plant’s ability to flower and set seed relatively quickly also contributes to its adaptability.

Propagation Methods

Erysimum cheiranthoides is primarily propagated by seed. Seeds can be sown directly into the ground in early spring or late fall. The plant readily self-seeds, which can lead to its rapid spread. Seedlings should be thinned to ensure adequate spacing. While not as common, cuttings can also be taken from young shoots and rooted in moist soil.

Toxicology

Ingestion of Erysimum cheiranthoides can cause mild to moderate symptoms in humans and pets. The glucosinolates present in the plant can irritate the digestive system, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Skin contact with the plant’s sap may cause mild skin irritation in some individuals. While serious reactions are rare, it’s best to keep the plant out of reach of children and pets. Consult a medical professional or veterinarian if ingestion occurs.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Aphids
• Flea Beetles
• Cabbage White Butterfly Caterpillars

Diseases:

• Clubroot
• Downy Mildew
• Root Rot (due to overwatering)

Other:

• Leaf yellowing: Can be caused by nutrient deficiencies (especially nitrogen) or overwatering.
• Stunted growth: May be due to poor soil conditions, inadequate sunlight, or pest infestations.
• Leggy growth: Often results from insufficient light.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

Erysimum cheiranthoides is not considered a rare plant. It is a widespread species that readily colonizes disturbed areas. It is more of a common weed than a highly sought-after plant.

Value:

Erysimum cheiranthoides has little commercial value as an ornamental plant. Its primary value lies in its ecological role as a colonizer of disturbed habitats and as a source of food for pollinators.