Wallflower

Basic Information

Common Name: Wallflower

Scientific Name: Cheiranthus cheiri

Native Habitat: Southern Europe to Asia Minor

History / Discovery / Cultivator

The Wallflower, Cheiranthus cheiri, boasts a rich history steeped in symbolism and cultivation. Its origins trace back to the Mediterranean region, ranging from Southern Europe to Asia Minor, where it thrives on rocky outcrops, old walls, and sunny slopes. The plant’s resilience and vibrant colors, particularly its characteristic deep yellows, oranges, and reds, quickly captured the attention of early herbalists and gardeners.

The name “Cheiranthus” is derived from the Greek words “cheir,” meaning hand, and “anthos,” meaning flower, alluding to the practice of carrying or holding the blooms. The species name “cheiri” is thought to be derived from the Arabic word “kheir,” signifying gillyflower or a fragrant flower.

Historical records indicate that the Wallflower was cultivated as early as the 16th century, becoming a popular addition to castle gardens and cottage borders alike. Its association with walls stems not only from its natural habitat but also from the medieval practice of planting them in the crevices of castle walls, where they were believed to ward off disease. This association further contributed to the plant’s symbolism of faithfulness and lasting beauty, as its vibrant blooms persisted even in harsh conditions.

Throughout the centuries, various figures have played a role in popularizing and cultivating the Wallflower. Herbalists like John Gerard, in his influential “Herball” published in 1597, documented the plant’s medicinal properties and its use in treating various ailments. Gardeners and plant breeders, particularly in the Victorian era, further refined and diversified the Wallflower, introducing new colors and forms that enhanced its ornamental appeal. The plant’s captivating fragrance made it a favourite for posies and perfumes. Its enduring popularity cemented its place as a symbol of remembrance and steadfast love, often associated with farewells and lasting connections. Its continued presence in gardens around the world serves as a testament to its historical significance and its captivating beauty. More recently, plant breeders are creating varieties that produce more consistent colors and flowering periods.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Wallflowers exhibit several remarkable adaptations that enable them to thrive in their challenging native environments. Their ability to grow on walls and rocky outcrops is facilitated by their deep root systems, which anchor them firmly in crevices and allow them to access water and nutrients from otherwise inaccessible locations. The plant’s tolerance to drought is another key adaptation, allowing it to survive in arid climates with limited rainfall. Additionally, Wallflowers possess a natural resistance to pests and diseases, which further contributes to their resilience. Their vibrant flower colors attract pollinators, ensuring successful reproduction, while their fragrant blooms create a pleasant aroma that enhances their appeal.

Propagation Methods

Wallflowers can be propagated through several methods, including:

• Seed: Sow seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost or directly outdoors after the last frost.
• Stem Cuttings: Take stem cuttings in late spring or early summer and root them in a well-draining potting mix.
• Layering: Bend a low-growing stem to the ground, cover it with soil, and allow it to root before separating it from the parent plant.

Toxicology

While generally considered non-toxic, ingestion of Wallflower can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in some individuals. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. It is advisable to keep Wallflowers out of reach of young children and pets. If ingested, monitor for any adverse reactions and consult with a medical professional if necessary. The plant contains glucosinolates, which can be irritating if consumed in large quantities.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Aphids
• Cabbage White Butterfly Caterpillars
• Flea Beetles

Diseases:

• Clubroot
• Downy Mildew
• Root Rot (especially in poorly drained soils)

Other:

• Leggy growth: Insufficient light or over-fertilization.
• Poor flowering: Insufficient sunlight, poor soil, or excessive nitrogen fertilizer.
• Yellowing leaves: Overwatering, nutrient deficiencies (e.g., magnesium), or root rot.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

While the common Wallflower (Cheiranthus cheiri) is not considered particularly rare, certain cultivars or varieties may exhibit limited availability due to factors such as:

• Difficult Propagation: Some varieties might be harder to propagate reliably from cuttings or seeds, resulting in lower production numbers.
• Specific Variegation: Wallflowers with unique or particularly striking variegation patterns are often more sought after and, therefore, less common.
• Disease Susceptibility: Some cultivars may be more prone to diseases, leading to lower survival rates and reduced availability.

Value:

The market value of a Wallflower specimen is generally modest, but it can be influenced by several factors:

• Cultivar: Unusual or highly desirable cultivars often command higher prices.
• Size and Maturity: Larger, more mature plants, especially those with abundant blooms, may be valued more than smaller seedlings.
• Color and Bloom Quality: Varieties with vibrant, unique colors or those with exceptionally large and fragrant blooms may be more desirable to collectors.
• Overall Health and Condition: A healthy, well-maintained plant free from pests and diseases will always fetch a better price.