Bishop’s Hat

Basic Information

Common Name: Bishop’s Hat

Scientific Name: Epimedium x versicolor ‘Sulphureum’

Native Habitat: Woodland edges and slopes in southwestern China.

History / Discovery / Cultivator

Epimedium x versicolor ‘Sulphureum’ is a hybrid Epimedium cultivar prized for its delicate, sulphur-yellow flowers and attractive foliage. Epimediums, commonly known as barrenwort or bishop’s hat, are native to woodland areas of Asia and Europe. The “x versicolor” in its scientific name indicates that it is a hybrid between two or more Epimedium species. These hybrids often combine the desirable traits of their parent plants, such as flower color, foliage texture, and overall hardiness. The specific parentage of Epimedium x versicolor ‘Sulphureum’ is typically Epimedium grandiflorum and Epimedium pinnatum ssp. colchicum.

The genus Epimedium has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine, where it is known as “yin yang huo,” translating to “licentious goat weed.” Legend has it that a shepherd observed increased sexual activity in his goats after they consumed Epimedium, leading to its purported medicinal properties.

While the precise history of the ‘Sulphureum’ cultivar is somewhat difficult to pinpoint, it likely originated in the late 20th century as breeders began to explore the potential of hybridizing different Epimedium species to create plants with unique characteristics. The name ‘Sulphureum’ refers to the sulphur-yellow color of the flowers, a highly desirable trait among Epimedium enthusiasts.

The cultivation and popularization of Epimedium x versicolor ‘Sulphureum’ are largely attributed to dedicated horticulturalists and nurseries specializing in shade-loving perennials. These enthusiasts recognized the plant’s ornamental value, ease of cultivation, and tolerance of challenging conditions such as dry shade. Dan Hinkley, a well-known plant explorer and horticulturist, is likely to have played a significant role in the plant’s introduction and distribution in North America through his nursery, Heronswood.

Today, Epimedium x versicolor ‘Sulphureum’ is widely available and appreciated for its ability to brighten up shady gardens with its cheerful yellow flowers and attractive, semi-evergreen foliage. It is a testament to the ongoing efforts of plant breeders and horticulturists who continue to introduce new and improved cultivars of this versatile and captivating plant. Its ease of care and adaptability have solidified its place as a reliable and beloved addition to many gardens.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Epimedium x versicolor ‘Sulphureum’ exhibits several adaptations that contribute to its success in woodland environments. Its rhizomatous root system allows it to spread and colonize shady areas, forming attractive ground covers. The plant’s semi-evergreen foliage provides year-round visual interest, although the leaves may become tattered in harsh winters and are often best cut back in late winter to make way for new growth. The delicate, spurred flowers are adapted for pollination by bees and other small insects. Its tolerance of dry shade, a challenging condition for many plants, is another key adaptation that makes it a valuable addition to gardens. The plant’s ability to thrive in relatively poor soils is also an advantageous adaptation.

Propagation Methods

Epimedium x versicolor ‘Sulphureum’ can be propagated by division and by seed, though division is the more common and reliable method.

• Division: The best time to divide Epimediums is in early spring or fall. Carefully dig up the plant and use a sharp knife or spade to separate the rhizomes into smaller clumps, each with healthy roots and shoots. Replant the divisions in well-prepared soil and water thoroughly.
• Seed: While possible, propagation by seed can be slow and the resulting plants may not be true to type (i.e., they may not have the same characteristics as the parent plant). Sow seeds in a cold frame in the fall or early spring. Seedlings may take several years to reach maturity.

Toxicology

Epimedium x versicolor ‘Sulphureum’ is considered to have low toxicity. If ingested, it may cause mild stomach upset or skin irritation in sensitive individuals. The plant contains compounds that can cause gastrointestinal irritation. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Skin contact with the sap may cause mild dermatitis in some people. While generally considered safe around pets, it’s best to prevent them from consuming large quantities of the plant. If ingestion is suspected, monitor for any adverse reactions and contact a veterinarian or medical professional if necessary.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Slugs
• Snails
• Aphids (occasionally)

Diseases:

• Leaf spot (rare)
• Root rot (if soil is poorly drained)

Other:

• Leaf tatter: Caused by harsh winter weather or excessive sun exposure. Cutting back the foliage in late winter or early spring encourages fresh, healthy growth.
• Poor flowering: Can occur if the plant is grown in too much shade or if the soil is lacking in nutrients. Ensure adequate light and fertilize in early spring.
• Slow growth: Epimediums can be slow to establish, especially after transplanting. Be patient and provide consistent moisture and nutrients.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

Epimedium x versicolor ‘Sulphureum’ is not considered rare. It is widely available in nurseries and garden centers. However, specific cultivars with unique characteristics, such as exceptional flower color or foliage patterns, might be more difficult to find.

Value:

The value of Epimedium x versicolor ‘Sulphureum’ typically depends on factors such as the size of the plant, its overall health and vigor, and the current market demand. Larger, well-established plants will generally command a higher price. Plants with particularly vibrant flower color or unusual foliage may also be more valuable to collectors. Provenance (the plant’s history and origin) is not typically a major factor in determining the value of this particular cultivar, as it is relatively common.