Blue Lungwort

Basic Information

Common Name: Blue Lungwort

Scientific Name: Pulmonaria angustifolia

Native Habitat: Europe, specifically in open woodlands and meadows.

History / Discovery / Cultivator

Pulmonaria angustifolia, commonly known as Blue Lungwort, belongs to the Boraginaceae family. The genus name “Pulmonaria” derives from the Latin word “pulmo,” meaning lung. This refers to the historical medicinal use of the plant to treat lung ailments, based on the Doctrine of Signatures – the spotted leaves were thought to resemble diseased lungs. Although the spots are not always prominent and sometimes absent from the cultivated varieties.

The species angustifolia, specifically relates to it’s narrow leaves; angustus- means narrow and -folia means leaves.

The plant’s history stretches back centuries, with traditional herbalists valuing it for its purported expectorant and soothing properties. While modern medicine largely disregards these applications, the plant’s attractive foliage and early spring blooms have secured its place in horticulture.

The specific origin of Pulmonaria angustifolia lies in Europe. Its natural distribution centers around central and eastern Europe, often found in deciduous woodlands, meadows, and along streams. It thrives in moist, well-drained soil and dappled sunlight.

While the exact individuals responsible for popularizing Pulmonaria angustifolia in gardens are not definitively recorded, the plant’s ease of cultivation and attractive features have made it a favorite among gardeners since at least the Victorian era. Plant breeders and nurseries have developed numerous cultivars with variations in flower color (shades of blue, pink, and purple) and leaf patterns (different degrees of spotting or marbling). These cultivars have contributed to the plant’s continued popularity and widespread cultivation. The “Azurea” cultivar is particularly well-known and cherished for its intense blue flowers. Through ongoing selective breeding, we can expect even more diversity and enhanced characteristics in future Pulmonaria cultivars, further solidifying its position as a popular and cherished garden plant. Its hardiness and appeal have resulted in its presence in gardens across Europe and North America.

Cultivation involves providing it with suitable growing conditions – partial shade and well-drained, humus-rich soil. It is generally considered an easy-to-grow perennial, making it a valuable addition to woodland gardens, shade borders, and container plantings. Its resilience and adaptability contribute to its enduring appeal among gardeners of all skill levels.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Pulmonaria angustifolia exhibits several key adaptations that contribute to its survival and success in its natural habitat. One notable adaptation is its early spring flowering period. This allows the plant to take advantage of the ample sunlight available before the deciduous trees fully leaf out, maximizing its photosynthetic potential. The spotted leaves, thought to have influenced its medicinal past, can offer a camouflage in the dappled light of the forest floor, potentially reducing herbivory. The plant’s tolerance for shade allows it to thrive in woodland environments where sunlight is limited. Its rhizomatous growth habit enables it to spread vegetatively, forming colonies and increasing its chances of survival and propagation.

Propagation Methods

Pulmonaria angustifolia can be propagated through several methods:

• Division: The most common and straightforward method is dividing established clumps in early spring or fall. Carefully dig up the plant and separate the rhizomes into smaller sections, each with roots and shoots. Replant immediately.
• Root Cuttings: Root cuttings can be taken during the dormant season. Dig up the plant, expose some roots and cut a few small sections of root off for propagation.

Toxicology

While Pulmonaria angustifolia is generally considered non-toxic, ingestion can potentially cause mild digestive upset in both humans and pets (cats and dogs). Symptoms might include nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. The severity is generally mild and self-limiting. However, it’s always advisable to prevent ingestion, especially by young children or pets prone to nibbling on plants. Contact a medical professional or veterinarian if symptoms persist or worsen after ingestion.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Slugs
• Snails
• Aphids

Diseases:

• Powdery Mildew
• Leaf Spot

Other:

• Leaf scorch (caused by too much direct sunlight)
• Yellowing leaves (caused by overwatering or poor drainage)
• Lack of flowering (caused by insufficient light or poor soil)

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

While Pulmonaria angustifolia itself is not considered particularly rare, certain cultivars or variations with unique flower colors or leaf patterns may be more difficult to find. Limited availability of specific cultivars can increase their desirability and perceived rarity. Some older, less widely propagated cultivars may become scarce in the horticultural trade.

Value:

Several factors can influence the market value of a Pulmonaria angustifolia specimen:

• Cultivar: Highly sought-after cultivars with unique flower colors (intense blues, unusual pinks) or striking leaf variegation patterns command higher prices.
• Plant Size and Maturity: Larger, more established plants with multiple stems and a well-developed root system are generally more valuable.
• Overall Health and Vigor: A healthy, vigorous plant free from pests and diseases will fetch a higher price.
• Current Market Trends: Popularity of specific plant types or cultivars can fluctuate, impacting market value.