Green Alkanet

Basic Information

Common Name: Green Alkanet

Scientific Name: Pentaglottis sempervirens

Native Habitat: Europe (especially western and southern Europe)

History / Discovery / Cultivator

Pentaglottis sempervirens, commonly known as Green Alkanet, boasts a history deeply intertwined with the landscapes of Europe. Its origins trace back to the western and southern regions of the continent, where it has thrived for centuries as a wildflower. While the specific individual or group responsible for its “discovery” in a formal botanical sense remains somewhat obscure, its prevalence as a common plant suggests that local communities were well aware of its existence and properties long before scientific classifications were established.

The name “alkanet” itself has ancient roots, deriving from the Arabic “al-hinna,” which originally referred to henna, a plant used for dyeing. This connection hints at one of the historical uses of plants within the Boraginaceae family to which Pentaglottis belongs – natural dyes.

Green Alkanet, unlike some ornamental plants, wasn’t necessarily “cultivated” in the modern horticultural sense for a very long time. It was more likely tolerated or even encouraged in gardens as a source of early spring color and forage for pollinators. Its self-seeding nature meant that once established, it readily spread, sometimes to the chagrin of gardeners less fond of its vigorous growth.

Its geographical origins are firmly rooted in Europe, with a particular concentration in the Mediterranean regions. From there, it has naturalized in other parts of the world, including North America and Australia, often escaping cultivation to become a component of the local flora. This wide distribution speaks to its adaptability and resilience.

The history of Green Alkanet is therefore not one of deliberate cultivation for aesthetic purposes, but rather a long association with human activity in Europe. Its ecological role as a pollinator attractant and its historical uses as a dye plant have likely contributed to its continued presence in the landscape. While not a celebrity plant in the horticultural world, its quiet persistence and natural beauty have ensured its place in the gardens and wild spaces of Europe for generations. Its adaptability also meant that it hitched rides across the world, to become naturalized in many other regions. More recently, it has been receiving more recognition for its beauty and ease of growth.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Green Alkanet exhibits several adaptations that contribute to its success. Its bristly hairs deter herbivores and help to reduce water loss. The deep taproot allows it to access water even during drier periods. Its self-seeding capability ensures rapid spread and colonization of new areas. Additionally, it flowers over a long period, attracting a wide range of pollinators.

Propagation Methods

Green Alkanet can be propagated through several methods:

• Seed: The easiest method. Seeds can be sown directly in the garden in spring or autumn.
• Root cuttings: Root cuttings can be taken in late autumn or early winter.
• Division: Established plants can be divided in spring or autumn. Self-seeding is also a very effective method!

Toxicology

While generally considered non-toxic, Green Alkanet contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids. These alkaloids are in low concentrations. Skin contact with the plant may cause mild irritation or dermatitis in sensitive individuals. Ingestion of large quantities of the plant material may cause gastrointestinal upset. Pets, such as cats and dogs, may experience similar symptoms if they ingest the plant. However, due to the bristly texture of the plant, it is unlikely animals will eat it. Seek veterinary advice if any symptoms are observed.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Slugs
• Snails
• Aphids

Diseases:

• Powdery mildew
• Rust

Other:

• Overly Aggressive Spreading: Green alkanet can spread rapidly and become invasive. Deadheading spent flowers can help control self-seeding.
• Leggy Growth: In shaded conditions, the plant may become leggy and produce fewer flowers. Ensure adequate sunlight.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

Green Alkanet is not generally considered a rare plant. It is widely naturalized in many regions and is readily available. However, certain cultivars or variants with unique foliage or flower colors might be less common.

Value:

The value of Green Alkanet is primarily as an ornamental plant for attracting pollinators and providing early spring color. It is generally inexpensive and easy to grow. Larger, more established plants may command a slightly higher price.