Gold-of-Pleasure

Basic Information

Common Name: Gold-of-Pleasure

Scientific Name: Camelina sativa

Native Habitat: Europe and Asia

History / Discovery / Cultivator

Camelina sativa, commonly known as Gold-of-Pleasure, false flax, or linseed dodder, boasts a history deeply intertwined with human civilization, dating back thousands of years. Archaeological evidence suggests its cultivation began in Europe during the Bronze Age. Seeds of Camelina have been discovered at various archaeological sites across Europe, including those from the Neolithic period, providing strong indications that it was intentionally cultivated as a food and oil crop.

While the exact origin of its cultivation remains somewhat ambiguous, it’s believed that Camelina originated in Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia. From there, its cultivation spread throughout Europe and into other parts of the world. The plant thrived in regions with temperate climates and well-drained soils, proving its adaptability as an early crop.

The plant was likely domesticated as a weed of flax (Linum usitatissimum) and other crops. Its ability to readily grow in the same fields as flax led to its widespread cultivation, inadvertently or intentionally. Over time, farmers likely selected for plants with desirable traits, such as larger seeds and higher oil content.

Camelina saw a period of widespread cultivation during the Middle Ages and Renaissance in Europe, especially in regions where flax production was prominent. It served as a valuable source of oil for various purposes, including cooking, lighting, and industrial applications. The oil extracted from Camelina seeds was known for its stability and suitability for lamp oil.

However, with the introduction of other oilseed crops, such as rapeseed and sunflower, Camelina’s popularity waned in the 20th century. These newer crops offered higher yields and were easier to process, leading to a decline in Camelina cultivation. Despite this decline, Camelina never completely disappeared, and recent years have witnessed a resurgence of interest in the crop.

This renewed interest stems from several factors, including the plant’s ability to grow in marginal soils with minimal inputs, its low water requirements, and the high-quality oil produced from its seeds. Camelina oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants, making it a valuable ingredient in food, cosmetics, and biofuels. Research into using Camelina as a biofuel crop has further fueled its resurgence. Scientists are exploring how its oil can be used as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based fuels, particularly in aviation. This could provide a way to reduce the carbon footprint of the airline industry.

Modern cultivators and researchers are now actively working to improve Camelina varieties through breeding programs, focusing on traits like increased yield, disease resistance, and enhanced oil quality. This renewed focus is solidifying Camelina’s position as a promising and versatile crop for the future.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Camelina sativa exhibits several key adaptations that contribute to its survival and success. One significant adaptation is its tolerance to drought conditions. It possesses a deep root system that allows it to access water from deeper soil layers, enabling it to thrive in areas with limited rainfall. Additionally, it has a waxy coating on its leaves, which helps to reduce water loss through transpiration. Furthermore, Camelina is able to mature quickly, allowing it to complete its life cycle before harsh environmental conditions set in. Its small seed size and efficient seed dispersal mechanisms contribute to its ability to colonize new areas rapidly. These adaptations make it a resilient and adaptable crop, especially in challenging environments.

Propagation Methods

Camelina sativa is primarily propagated by seed. Seeds can be directly sown into the ground in early spring or fall. Germination typically occurs within a week or two, depending on soil temperature and moisture levels. No pre-treatment is usually required. For optimal results, seeds should be sown in a well-prepared seedbed with good soil contact. Camelina can also self-seed readily, leading to volunteer plants in subsequent seasons. While other methods are technically possible, they’re not generally used as this plant propagates very successfully from seed.

Toxicology

Camelina sativa is generally considered safe for human consumption. The oil extracted from its seeds is used in cooking and as a nutritional supplement. However, like any food, some individuals may experience allergic reactions. There are no reported toxic effects of Camelina on pets when consumed in small amounts. Nevertheless, it is always advisable to prevent pets from consuming large quantities of any plant material. Consult with a veterinarian if you suspect your pet has ingested a significant amount of Camelina.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Flea beetles
• Aphids
• Cabbage white butterfly larvae

Diseases:

• Alternaria leaf spot
• Downy mildew
• Sclerotinia stem rot

Other:

• Lodging (stems falling over): Can be caused by excessive wind or heavy rain, especially in dense plantings.
• Poor germination: Can result from planting in cold or excessively wet soils.
• Weed competition: Camelina seedlings are relatively small and susceptible to competition from weeds.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

Camelina sativa is not considered rare, it is relatively easy to cultivate, adaptable, and its seeds are readily available. However, specific cultivars with improved traits or unique oil profiles may be less common.

Value:

The value of Camelina sativa is primarily determined by the demand for its oil and its potential as a biofuel crop. Factors that influence its market value include the quality and yield of the oil, the efficiency of its processing, and the price of competing oilseed crops. Research into its potential applications as a sustainable biofuel source can also drive up its economic value.