Tall Tumblemustard

Basic Information

Common Name: Tall Tumblemustard

Scientific Name: Sisymbrium altissimum

Native Habitat: Europe, Asia, and North Africa. Widely naturalized in North America.

History / Discovery / Cultivator

Sisymbrium altissimum, commonly known as Tall Tumblemustard, boasts a history deeply intertwined with human activity and ecological adaptation. Its origins trace back to Eurasia and North Africa, where it thrived in disturbed habitats. The plant’s ability to rapidly colonize open areas and its prolific seed production facilitated its spread across continents.

The botanical recognition of Sisymbrium altissimum began in the 18th century, with early botanists documenting its characteristics and distribution. As a member of the Brassicaceae family (mustard family), it shares ancestry with numerous cultivated vegetables like cabbage, broccoli, and mustard greens. However, unlike its culinary relatives, Tall Tumblemustard wasn’t intentionally cultivated for food on a large scale, but rather considered more as a weed or a famine food.

The plant’s journey to North America is believed to have occurred unintentionally, likely through contaminated seed shipments or as a stowaway in ballast materials on ships. Once established, its aggressive growth and adaptability allowed it to rapidly proliferate across the continent, particularly in agricultural fields, roadsides, and disturbed areas. This rapid spread led to its classification as an invasive species in many regions.

The name “Tumblemustard” comes from the plant’s mature structure. The plant’s stem breaks off near the base when the seeds are ripe, and the whole plant tumbles in the wind, scattering its seeds as it goes. This dispersal mechanism contributes to its wide distribution.

While not directly cultivated for agricultural purposes, Tall Tumblemustard has found some uses in traditional medicine. Its leaves and seeds have been used in some cultures for their perceived medicinal properties. However, it’s essential to note that scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited, and caution is advised when considering any medicinal application.

In modern agriculture, Sisymbrium altissimum is largely regarded as a weed due to its ability to compete with crops for resources like sunlight, water, and nutrients. Its presence can reduce crop yields and increase the cost of weed control. However, it also provides food for some wildlife, and its presence can contribute to the biodiversity of disturbed habitats. The plant’s ecological role is complex, existing as both a nuisance to agriculture and as a component of certain ecosystems.

The story of Tall Tumblemustard is a testament to the power of adaptation and the interconnectedness of ecosystems. Its journey from Eurasia to a widespread presence in North America highlights the profound impact that human activity can have on plant distribution and the ongoing challenges of managing invasive species.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Tall Tumblemustard exhibits several notable adaptations that contribute to its survival and spread. One key adaptation is its ability to produce a large number of seeds. A single plant can produce tens of thousands of seeds, increasing the likelihood of successful dispersal and colonization. Its tumbling habit is a crucial adaptation for seed dispersal, allowing seeds to be scattered over a wide area by the wind. This method is particularly effective in open, windy environments. The plant’s adaptability to various soil types, including poor and sandy soils, allows it to thrive in disturbed habitats where other plants may struggle. This tolerance for nutrient-poor conditions gives it a competitive advantage in colonizing new areas. It is also drought-tolerant, enabling it to survive in arid regions where water is scarce.

Propagation Methods

Tall Tumblemustard is primarily propagated through seeds, given the plant’s abundant seed production. Seed germination typically occurs readily in disturbed soils, and direct sowing is an effective method. Because it is generally considered a weed, it is not intentionally propagated; however, its natural seed dispersal method ensures its continued spread.

Toxicology

Tall Tumblemustard is generally considered non-toxic to humans and pets. However, ingestion of large quantities of the plant may cause mild gastrointestinal upset due to its high fiber content. Some individuals may experience mild skin irritation upon contact with the plant’s sap. It’s always advisable to exercise caution and prevent children and pets from consuming large amounts of any wild plant.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Aphids
• Flea beetles
• Cabbage white butterfly larvae

Diseases:

• Downy mildew
• White rust
• Root rot (in poorly drained soils)

Other:

• Overgrowth: Can become invasive and outcompete other plants. Management may be required to prevent its spread.
• Seed dispersal: The plant’s tumbling habit can lead to unwanted seed dispersal in gardens and agricultural fields.
• Competition for resources: Can compete with crops for sunlight, water, and nutrients.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

Tall Tumblemustard is not considered rare. In fact, it is often regarded as a common weed in many parts of the world, particularly in disturbed habitats and agricultural areas.

Value:

Due to its common status as a weed, Tall Tumblemustard typically has little to no commercial value. It is not typically cultivated or sold as an ornamental plant. In certain situations, it might be used as forage for livestock.