Basic Information
Common Name: Bursera lancifolia
Scientific Name: Bursera lancifolia
Native Habitat: Primarily native to Mexico, particularly found in dry tropical forests and scrublands in regions like Sonora, Sinaloa, and Baja California Sur.
History / Discovery / Cultivator
The genus Bursera is part of the Burseraceae family, often referred to as the frankincense and myrrh family due to the aromatic resins produced by many of its members. Bursera lancifolia, like many plants in this diverse genus, thrives in arid and semi-arid environments across North and Central America, especially prominent in Mexico. The scientific classification of Bursera lancifolia falls under the work of botanists studying the rich flora of the Americas. While a specific dramatic tale of its initial “discovery” by Western science may not be widely documented compared to more commercially significant plants, its existence and potential uses were undoubtedly known to indigenous peoples of its native range for centuries.
Plants in the Bursera genus are often locally valued for their wood, resin, or medicinal properties. The resin, sometimes referred to as “copal” (though this term applies to resins from various trees), has historical significance in cultural practices, including incense in religious or spiritual ceremonies, and potentially for medicinal purposes or as varnish. Bursera lancifolia itself is not as globally famous as Bursera simaruba (Gumbolimbo) or species used for high-quality copal, but it is a significant component of the Sonoran Desert and surrounding ecosystems. Its classification and description likely occurred during the extensive botanical surveys of the 19th or early 20th centuries that documented the diverse plant life of Mexico. Botanists like Sereno Watson, who contributed significantly to the understanding of flora in the region, or subsequent researchers detailing the Bursera genus, would have played a role in solidifying its place in botanical literature.
Cultivation of Bursera lancifolia is often limited compared to more common landscape or house plants. Its specific requirements for dry conditions and rocky or sandy soils reflect its adaptation to harsh environments. In cultivation, it is primarily sought after by collectors of caudiciform or succulent plants due to its often swollen base and unique, peeling bark, characteristic of many Bursera species. Commercial cultivation is less about large-scale horticulture and more about specialized nurseries catering to enthusiasts of arid-land flora or bonsai practitioners who appreciate its structural form. Unlike plants propagated for mass market, its spread in cultivation is largely driven by hobbyists and specialist growers interested in conserving or displaying unique xerophytic species. Therefore, there isn’t a single renowned cultivator credited with popularizing it globally, but rather a network of dedicated succulent and caudiciform plant enthusiasts who appreciate its unique botanical characteristics and form. Its history in cultivation is more recent, tied to the increasing interest in collecting unusual desert plants and its striking visual appeal.
Plant Care Summary
| Category | General Requirement | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Light | Full sun to Bright light | Requires high light levels; lack of sun leads to etiolation and poor growth. Ideal in south-facing windows or outdoors in suitable climates. |
| Water | Infrequent | Drought tolerant; allow soil to dry out completely between waterings. Water sparingly, especially during dormant winter months. |
| Humidity | Low | Thrives in dry air conditions typical of its native habitat. High humidity can contribute to rot. |
| Temp. Range | Warm, frost-free | Prefers temperatures between 65-85°F (18-29°C). Protect from frost; can tolerate brief dips close to freezing if dry, but prefers above 50°F (10°C). |
| Soil Type | Very well-draining | Requires gritty, porous soil mix to prevent root rot. A succulent/cactus mix with added pumice or perlite is ideal. |
| Fertilizer | Sparingly | Feed lightly once or twice during the peak growing season (spring/summer) with a diluted low-nitrogen fertilizer. |
| Toxicity | Generally considered low | Sap/resin may cause minor skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Ingestion is not well-documented but likely causes mild gastrointestinal upset due to resins. |
Botanical Insights
Adaptations
Bursera lancifolia exhibits several remarkable adaptations that allow it to thrive in its arid native environment. One of the most striking features is its swollen trunk or caudex, typical of many Bursera species adapted to store water, enabling the plant to survive prolonged periods of drought. The peeling, papery bark is another significant adaptation; it reflects sunlight, helping to keep the trunk cooler, and also potentially reduces water loss through the bark. The leaves are typically compound and deciduous, often shed during the dry season to conserve moisture. Furthermore, the production of aromatic resins, a hallmark of the Burseraceae family, serves multiple purposes, including deterring herbivores and potentially sealing wounds to prevent water loss and infection.
Propagation Methods
Bursera lancifolia is most commonly propagated by stem cuttings. Cuttings should be taken during the growing season (spring or summer) and allowed to callous over for several days or even weeks before being planted in a well-draining medium. Rooting hormone can improve success rates. The cuttings should be kept warm and barely moist until roots develop, which can take several weeks. Propagation from seed is also possible but can be slower and less reliable. Seeds require warmth and high humidity to germinate. Grafting onto rootstock of more vigorous Bursera species is sometimes used, particularly for specific cultivars or to improve growth rate in cultivation.
Toxicology
Information specifically regarding the toxicology of Bursera lancifolia is limited. However, plants in the Bursera genus are known for producing aromatic resins, which can be irritating to the skin and mucous membranes in some individuals. Ingestion of parts of the plant, particularly the resinous sap, is likely to cause gastrointestinal upset in both humans and pets (like cats and dogs) due to the presence of these irritating compounds. Symptoms might include vomiting, diarrhea, and potential oral irritation or burning sensation. While generally not considered highly toxic or life-threatening, it’s best to keep pets and children from ingesting any part of the plant and handle the sap with care if sensitive.
Common Problems
Pests:
- Spider mites (especially in dry, indoor conditions)
- Mealybugs (often hide in crevices on stems)
- Scale insects (can appear as small bumps on stems)
Diseases:
- Root rot (caused by overwatering and poor drainage)
- Stem rot (often follows root rot or injury in humid conditions)
Other:
- Leaf drop: Common and often natural in response to drought, temperature changes, or onset of dormancy.
- Shriveling trunk/caudex: Indicates severe underwatering or root damage preventing water uptake.
- Lack of growth: Often due to insufficient light, cold temperatures, or lack of water during the growing season.
Rarity & Value
Rarity:
Bursera lancifolia is not necessarily rare in its native habitat, but it is less common in general horticultural trade compared to many other succulents or house plants. Its rarity in cultivation stems from its specific growth requirements (full sun, excellent drainage), relatively slow growth rate compared to some popular plants, and its primary appeal being to a niche market of caudiciform/succulent collectors. Propagation can also be slow or tricky compared to easily rooted species.
Value:
The market value of a Bursera lancifolia specimen is heavily influenced by its size and form, particularly the development of its caudex or swollen base. Larger, older specimens with a well-developed, attractive caudex and characteristic peeling bark command significantly higher prices than young cuttings or seedlings. The health and overall aesthetic appeal, including balanced branching, also play a role. Current collector trends in the succulent and caudiciform market can also affect demand and thus value. Specimens with unique shapes or provenance from reputable growers may also fetch a premium.
