Basic Information
Common Name: Astelia tovii
Scientific Name: Astelia tovii
Native Habitat: Endemic to the Chatham Islands, New Zealand.
History / Discovery / Cultivator
Astelia tovii is a striking member of the Astelia genus, a group of evergreen perennial plants largely endemic to the Southern Hemisphere, with a significant presence in New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. Astelia tovii holds a special significance as it is one of several plant species unique to the Chatham Islands, an archipelago located approximately 800 kilometers east of the South Island of New Zealand. This isolation has led to the evolution of a distinct flora and fauna, including Astelia tovii.
The Chatham Islands have a fascinating geological and ecological history. Formed by volcanic activity, these islands have been separated from the mainland for millions of years, allowing for speciation and the development of unique plant communities adapted to the islands’ maritime climate, characterized by cool temperatures, high winds, and often nutrient-poor soils. Astelia tovii thrives in this challenging environment, typically found in damp, shaded areas within the island’s forests, swamps, and along streams. Its presence contributes to the biodiversity and ecological structure of the islands’ native vegetation.
Botanical exploration of the Chatham Islands began relatively late compared to the New Zealand mainland. European scientific collection and description intensified in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Astelia tovii was first formally described by Leonard Cockayne, a pioneering New Zealand botanist who made significant contributions to the understanding of New Zealand’s flora. Cockayne undertook expeditions to the Chatham Islands, documenting its unique plants. The specific epithet “tovii” likely honors a person or place associated with its discovery or the islands, though precise details can be elusive for many species described in this period. Cockayne’s work brought the unique botanical treasures of the Chatham Islands, including species like Astelia tovii, to scientific attention, highlighting their ecological importance and distinctiveness.
While primarily known for its wild occurrence on the Chatham Islands, Astelia tovii, like some other Astelia species, has gained some recognition outside its native habitat for its ornamental qualities. Its silvery-grey, sometimes bronze-tinged, arching leaves make it an attractive architectural plant for gardens, particularly in coastal or cooler temperate climates that mimic aspects of its native environment. Cultivation outside New Zealand is still relatively niche compared to more widely grown horticultural plants, but its unique appearance makes it sought after by collectors and gardeners interested in unusual or architecturally interesting foliage. Its conservation status on the Chatham Islands is a key consideration, with efforts focused on protecting its natural habitat from threats like introduced browsing animals and habitat modification. Understanding its history is intrinsically linked to the ecological history of the remote islands it calls home.
Plant Care Summary
| Category | General Requirement | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Light | Partial Shade | Prefers dappled light; avoid harsh, direct sun, especially in hot climates. |
| Water | Moderate/Consistent | Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Tolerates some dampness. |
| Humidity | Moderate to High | Thrives in humid conditions; can tolerate average home humidity but appreciates extra moisture. |
| Temp. Range | Cool to Moderate | Hardy in cooler climates; generally prefers temperatures between 10°C and 20°C. Can tolerate light frosts. |
| Soil Type | Moist, Well-draining | Prefers acidic to neutral soil; rich in organic matter. Good drainage is crucial to prevent root rot. |
| Fertilizer | Light Feeding | Feed sparingly during the growing season (spring/summer) with a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength. |
| Toxicity | Non-toxic | Generally considered non-toxic to humans and pets. |
Botanical Insights
Adaptations
Astelia tovii exhibits several adaptations that allow it to thrive in the often harsh conditions of the Chatham Islands. Its thick, leathery, silvery-grey leaves are a notable adaptation. The silvery colour is often due to a covering of fine hairs (tomentum) or a waxy cuticle, which helps to reflect sunlight, reducing water loss through transpiration and protecting the leaves from strong winds and salt spray common in its coastal and exposed island habitat. The upright, architectural growth form of the leaves may also help channel water towards the plant’s base and root system. Astelia species often form dense clumps, which can help retain moisture around the base of the plant and offer some protection from wind.
Propagation Methods
Propagation of Astelia tovii is most commonly achieved through division. As the plant matures, it forms multiple crowns or clumps. These can be carefully separated, ensuring each division has a healthy portion of roots and leaves. This is best done in spring or early summer. Seed propagation is also possible, but it can be slower and requires specific conditions for germination. Division is generally the preferred and most successful method for home cultivators.
Toxicology
Based on general information about the Astelia genus, Astelia tovii is considered non-toxic. There are no widely reported cases of poisoning in humans or common pets (like cats and dogs) following ingestion of parts of this plant. Symptoms of ingestion, if any, would likely be limited to mild digestive upset in sensitive individuals or animals due to the fibrous nature of the plant material. It is generally regarded as safe for households with pets and children, but as with any plant, it’s advisable to discourage ingestion.
Common Problems
Pests:
- Spider Mites (especially in dry conditions)
- Aphids (less common)
- Mealybugs (can sometimes infest leaf bases)
Diseases:
- Root Rot (caused by overwatering or poor drainage)
- Fungal Leaf Spot (rare, typically in very humid, stagnant conditions)
Other:
- Leaf Yellowing: Often caused by overwatering, poor drainage, or nutrient deficiency.
- Browning Leaf Tips/Margins: Can be due to low humidity, inconsistent watering (drying out), or exposure to strong winds/salt burn if grown outdoors in unsuitable conditions.
- Lack of Growth: May indicate insufficient light, poor soil, or low temperatures.
Rarity & Value
Rarity:
Astelia tovii can be considered relatively rare in cultivation outside of New Zealand due to its endemic status on the remote Chatham Islands. Its natural population is limited geographically, making wild collection unsustainable and often restricted. Propagation, while possible by division, doesn’t always allow for mass production on the scale of more common horticultural plants. Factors contributing to its rarity include its specific habitat requirements, relatively slow growth rate compared to some ornamentals, and the geographical isolation of its native range.
Value:
The market value of Astelia tovii specimens is influenced by several factors. Its rarity in cultivation outside its native region is a primary driver of value. Its unique aesthetic, particularly the striking silvery foliage and architectural form, makes it desirable among collectors and garden enthusiasts looking for unusual plants. The size and maturity of the plant significantly impact value, with larger, well-established clumps commanding higher prices. Quality of foliage (e.g., good colouration, lack of damage) also plays a role. As a less common species, its value is often tied to its novelty and desirability within niche plant markets.
