Wax Begonia

Basic Information

Common Name: Wax Begonia

Scientific Name: Begonia semperflorens-cultorum

Native Habitat: Brazil

History / Discovery / Cultivator

Begonia semperflorens-cultorum, commonly known as the Wax Begonia, is a hybrid cultivar derived from various Begonia species native to Brazil. The exact origins of its cultivation are somewhat obscured by time, but its rise to popularity as a bedding plant and houseplant began in the 19th century. While pinpointing a single “discoverer” or cultivator is challenging, horticultural efforts in Europe and North America played a significant role in its development.

The Begonia genus itself was named by Charles Plumier, a French botanist, in honor of Michel Bégon, a French official who was an avid patron of botany. Plumier encountered begonias during his expeditions to the West Indies. However, the semperflorens species, which forms the basis of the Wax Begonia cultivars, originates from South America, specifically Brazil.

The species Begonia semperflorens was first described scientifically, laying the groundwork for the subsequent breeding and development of the Wax Begonia cultivars we know today. Early plant breeders recognized the potential of Begonia semperflorens for its continuous blooming (semperflorens means “always flowering”) and its tolerance of various growing conditions. They began hybridizing it with other Begonia species, selecting for desirable traits such as compact growth habit, attractive foliage colors (ranging from green to bronze), and a wide spectrum of flower colors, including white, pink, and red.

The Wax Begonia quickly gained popularity due to its ease of propagation, relatively low maintenance requirements, and ability to thrive in both sunny and shady locations. This versatility made it an ideal choice for mass planting in gardens, parks, and public spaces. Its compact size and attractive appearance also made it a popular choice for container gardening and indoor cultivation.

Over the years, numerous cultivars of Begonia semperflorens-cultorum have been developed, each with its own unique characteristics. Some cultivars are prized for their large, showy flowers, while others are admired for their striking foliage colors or compact growth habits. Plant breeders continue to innovate, introducing new and improved cultivars that offer even greater beauty and resilience.

The Wax Begonia’s enduring popularity is a testament to its adaptability, beauty, and ease of cultivation. From its humble beginnings in the Brazilian rainforests to its current status as a ubiquitous garden staple, the Wax Begonia has captivated gardeners and plant enthusiasts around the world. Its historical journey reflects the ongoing efforts of plant breeders and horticulturists to enhance the beauty and diversity of the plant kingdom.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Wax begonias exhibit several adaptations that contribute to their success as both garden plants and houseplants. Their slightly succulent stems and leaves allow them to store water, making them relatively drought-tolerant. The waxy coating on their leaves helps to reduce water loss through transpiration, further enhancing their drought resistance. Their ability to flower continuously throughout the growing season is another key adaptation, attracting pollinators and ensuring successful reproduction. Furthermore, their adaptability to a wide range of light conditions allows them to thrive in various environments, from sunny gardens to partially shaded indoor spaces. The diverse range of flower and foliage colors also makes them visually appealing, attracting both pollinators and human admirers.

Propagation Methods

Wax begonias are relatively easy to propagate, making them a popular choice for gardeners who want to expand their collection. The most common propagation method is stem cuttings. To propagate from stem cuttings, simply take a cutting from a healthy stem, remove the lower leaves, and place the cutting in water or directly into moist potting mix. Roots will typically develop within a few weeks. Another common propagation method is seed propagation. Begonia seeds are very small and require careful handling. They should be sown on the surface of a moist potting mix and kept in a warm, humid environment until germination occurs. Leaf cuttings can also be successful in some varieties. Division can be used, although less commonly because of their compact growth.

Toxicology

Wax begonias are considered mildly toxic to both humans and pets. The plants contain soluble calcium oxalates, which can cause oral irritation, excessive drooling, and vomiting if ingested. In humans, ingestion of large quantities of wax begonia leaves may cause gastrointestinal distress. In pets, such as cats and dogs, the symptoms are similar and typically mild. The ASPCA lists Begonia semperflorens as toxic. It’s best to keep these plants out of reach of young children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion. If ingestion occurs, it’s recommended to rinse the mouth with water and contact a physician or veterinarian if symptoms persist.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Mealybugs
• Aphids
• Spider Mites

Diseases:

• Powdery Mildew
• Botrytis Blight (Gray Mold)
• Root Rot

Other:

• Leaf Yellowing: Can be caused by overwatering, underwatering, nutrient deficiency, or insufficient light.
• Stem Rot: Overwatering, especially in cool conditions, can lead to stem rot.
• Edema: Small, blister-like bumps on leaves, caused by inconsistent watering.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

Wax begonias are not generally considered rare plants. They are widely available in garden centers and nurseries. However, certain cultivars with unique or unusual flower colors, variegation patterns, or growth habits may be more difficult to find and could be considered relatively rare within the context of the overall availability of wax begonias. Newer introductions from breeding programs may also command higher prices until they become more readily available.

Value:

The value of a wax begonia typically depends on several factors. Larger, more mature plants with well-established root systems tend to be more valuable than smaller, younger plants. Plants with unique or unusual flower colors, variegation patterns, or growth habits may also command higher prices. The overall health and appearance of the plant are also important factors. A healthy, well-shaped plant with vibrant foliage and abundant flowers will generally be more valuable than a plant that is stressed, damaged, or lacking in vigor. Current collector trends have very little impact on the value of this extremely common plant.