Bonfire Begonia

Basic Information

Common Name: Bonfire Begonia

Scientific Name: Begonia boliviensis ‘Bonfire’

Native Habitat: South America, specifically Bolivia and Argentina

History / Discovery / Cultivator

Begonia boliviensis is a tuberous begonia native to the steep, rocky slopes and cloud forests of the Andes mountains in Bolivia and Argentina. Its history is intertwined with the broader botanical exploration of South America during the 19th century. While the precise original discoverer remains somewhat obscured by time, the species itself was documented and classified in the 1860s. It quickly attracted attention for its elegant, pendulous form and vibrant flowers.

The ‘Bonfire’ cultivar, however, represents a more recent development in the story of this begonia. It was specifically bred to enhance its desirable characteristics. While the exact breeder is often not prominently advertised, it’s important to note that cultivars like ‘Bonfire’ are the result of careful selection and hybridization processes by horticulturalists dedicated to improving ornamental plants. These breeders aimed to create a begonia that was not only beautiful but also more floriferous, with a more compact and manageable growth habit, making it suitable for container gardening and hanging baskets.

‘Bonfire’ Begonias distinguish themselves by their abundance of fiery orange-red, bell-shaped flowers that cascade gracefully from their stems. This profuse blooming, coupled with the plant’s relatively low-maintenance nature compared to some other begonias, contributed to its rapid rise in popularity. The vibrant color and long flowering period, typically from spring through fall, make it a standout plant in gardens and on patios.

The cultivation of ‘Bonfire’ Begonia exemplifies how breeders take a fascinating species and make it even more appealing and accessible to gardeners worldwide. Its success story is a testament to the ongoing efforts to refine and improve plants for both aesthetic enjoyment and ease of cultivation. It is now widely cultivated in nurseries across the globe and is a favorite for those seeking a vibrant and easy-care flowering plant. Its versatility, thriving in hanging baskets, containers, and even garden beds, has solidified its place as a popular choice for both novice and experienced gardeners alike, bringing a touch of South American charm to gardens around the world.

The ‘Bonfire’ begonia’s introduction to widespread cultivation can be attributed to the combined efforts of plant breeders, propagators, and nurseries. While the specific individual who first developed the ‘Bonfire’ cultivar is not always prominently highlighted, it is important to recognize that creating a successful cultivar involves careful selection, breeding, and testing over a period of time. The result is a plant that retains the charm of its native ancestor while offering enhanced qualities such as increased flower production, a more compact habit, and improved disease resistance. ‘Bonfire’ has proven to be a reliable and rewarding plant, thus contributing to its enduring popularity.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Begonia boliviensis, and therefore ‘Bonfire’ Begonia, has several key adaptations. As a tuberous begonia, it develops an underground tuber that acts as a storage organ for water and nutrients, allowing it to survive periods of drought. The pendulous growth habit is also an adaptation, as it allows the plant to efficiently capture sunlight on the steep slopes where it naturally grows, with the blooms cascading down the rocky terrain. The bright red-orange flowers are an adaptation to attract hummingbirds, which are likely its primary pollinators in its native habitat. The pointed, serrated leaves contribute to efficient water runoff, preventing water from accumulating on the foliage and reducing the risk of fungal diseases. The ‘Bonfire’ cultivar, specifically, was developed for increased floriferousness to appeal to the horticultural market.

Propagation Methods

‘Bonfire’ Begonia can be propagated successfully through several methods:

• Stem Cuttings: This is the most common and reliable method. Take stem cuttings in spring or summer and root them in water or moist potting mix.
• Tuber Division: Mature plants can be divided in early spring when new growth emerges from the tuber.
• Seed: While possible, propagating from seed can be challenging and time-consuming. It is generally not the preferred method for home gardeners.
• Leaf Cuttings: Similar to other begonias, sections of the leaf can be placed on a moist surface and new plantlets will form from the veins.

Toxicology

Begonia boliviensis ‘Bonfire’ contains soluble calcium oxalates, which are toxic to both humans and pets. If ingested, these oxalates can cause oral irritation, including a burning sensation in the mouth, excessive drooling, and difficulty swallowing. While rarely life-threatening, ingestion can be quite uncomfortable. In pets, such as cats and dogs, symptoms are similar and may also include vomiting. It’s recommended to keep this plant out of reach of children and pets, or to take precautions to prevent ingestion. Contact with the sap may also cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Mealybugs
• Aphids
• Spider Mites

Diseases:

• Powdery Mildew
• Botrytis Blight (Gray Mold)
• Root Rot

Other:

• Leaf Yellowing: Overwatering or nutrient deficiency.
• Bud Drop: Insufficient light or inconsistent watering.
• Stem Rot: Overwatering or poor drainage.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

‘Bonfire’ Begonia is not considered rare; it is widely available in nurseries and garden centers. Its ease of propagation and relatively fast growth contribute to its accessibility. However, particularly large, mature specimens may be more difficult to find.

Value:

The value of a ‘Bonfire’ Begonia is primarily determined by its size, the fullness of its growth, and the abundance of its blooms. A well-maintained plant with numerous flowers will command a higher price. Larger hanging baskets are typically more valuable than smaller individual plants. Current market demand also plays a role, with prices potentially increasing during peak gardening seasons.