## Basic Information
**Common Name:** Camelina
**Scientific Name:** Camelina
**Native Habitat:** Europe and Asia

## History / Discovery / Cultivator
Camelina, scientifically known as *Camelina sativa*, boasts a rich history intertwined with human civilization. Its presence has been documented for millennia, with archeological evidence suggesting its cultivation as far back as the Bronze Age in Europe. Seeds of camelina have been discovered at various European archeological sites, showcasing its early importance as a food and oil source.

The exact origins of camelina are debated, but most evidence points to its domestication somewhere in Europe or southwestern Asia. It’s believed to have initially been a weed within flax and other crops, eventually selected and cultivated for its own valuable oil-rich seeds. The plant was a staple crop throughout much of Europe and was even introduced to North America by early European settlers.

Historically, camelina was primarily cultivated for its oil, which was used for cooking, lighting, and various industrial applications, including soap-making and varnish production. The oilcake, the byproduct after oil extraction, served as a valuable animal feed. For centuries, camelina remained a relatively minor oilseed crop, often overshadowed by more productive alternatives such as rapeseed and sunflower.

Interestingly, despite its historical significance, camelina experienced a decline in cultivation during the 20th century with the advent of cheaper and more readily available vegetable oils. However, in recent decades, there has been a resurgence of interest in camelina due to its unique properties and potential applications. This resurgence is fueled by several factors, including a growing demand for sustainable and renewable resources, interest in biofuels, and the nutritional benefits of camelina oil.

Camelina is now being actively researched and cultivated as a biofuel feedstock, a source of omega-3 fatty acids, and a sustainable alternative to conventional oilseed crops. Its ability to thrive in marginal soils and its low input requirements make it an attractive option for farmers looking for more sustainable and resilient cropping systems. While no single individual is credited as its “cultivator” in the traditional sense, research institutions and agricultural companies are playing a critical role in modernizing its cultivation and expanding its potential applications.

Modern agricultural practices focus on improving camelina varieties for increased yield, oil content, and disease resistance. Through selective breeding and genetic research, efforts are being made to optimize camelina as a valuable resource for the future. Its revival reflects a growing awareness of the importance of diversifying agricultural systems and exploring the potential of forgotten crops.

## Plant Care Summary

| Category | General Requirement | Notes |
| :——— | :——————— | :——————————————————————– |
| Light | Full Sun | Requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth. |
| Water | Moderate | Water regularly, but avoid waterlogging. Drier conditions are tolerated once established. |
| Humidity | Low | Generally not a concern, tolerates low humidity well. |
| Temp. Range| Cool to Mild | Thrives in temperatures between 60-75°F (15-24°C). |
| Soil Type | Well-drained | Tolerates a wide range of soils, but prefers well-drained soil. |
| Fertilizer | Minimal | Generally not necessary, unless soil is very poor. A light application of balanced fertilizer in early spring can be beneficial. |
| Toxicity | Non-toxic | Generally considered non-toxic to humans and pets. |

## Botanical Insights

### Adaptations
Camelina’s resilience lies in its adaptability to harsh environments. This plant thrives in nutrient-poor soil and can withstand drought conditions better than many other crops. Its small seed size allows for rapid germination and establishment, even in challenging conditions. Furthermore, it exhibits a remarkable resistance to many common plant diseases and pests, making it a low-maintenance crop. The seed’s high oil content is an adaptation to provide energy reserves for germination and early seedling growth.

### Propagation Methods
Camelina is primarily propagated by seed. Seeds can be directly sown into the ground in early spring or late fall. A well-prepared seedbed is essential for optimal germination. Broadcasting seeds followed by light harrowing or drilling seeds at a shallow depth is recommended. Camelina can also self-seed, leading to volunteer plants in subsequent seasons.

### Toxicology
Camelina is generally considered non-toxic to humans and animals. Ingestion is unlikely to cause significant adverse effects. However, as with any plant material, consumption in large quantities may lead to mild gastrointestinal upset in some individuals or animals.

## Common Problems

### Pests:
* Flea beetles
* Aphids
* Cabbage worms

### Diseases:
* Alternaria leaf spot
* Downy mildew
* Sclerotinia stem rot (white mold)

### Other:
* Lodging (stems falling over): Can be caused by excessive nitrogen fertilization or strong winds.
* Poor germination: Due to poor seed quality or unfavorable soil conditions.
* Reduced yield: Can be caused by drought stress, nutrient deficiency, or pest/disease infestations.

## Rarity & Value

### Rarity:
Camelina is not generally considered a rare plant. It is commercially available as a crop and is relatively easy to cultivate. However, specific cultivars or varieties with desirable traits, such as high oil content or disease resistance, may be less common.

### Value:
The value of camelina is primarily determined by its oil content and the market price of vegetable oils or biofuel feedstocks. The value can also be influenced by the specific end-use of the oil, such as for omega-3 supplements or aviation fuel. Research into new uses and varieties also impacts its perceived value.