Basic Information

Common Name: Draba

Scientific Name: Draba

Native Habitat: Primarily alpine and arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

History / Discovery / Cultivator

Draba, often referred to as Whitlow-grass, is a genus of flowering plants within the Brassicaceae (mustard) family. Its name, “Draba,” originates from the Greek word “drabe,” an ancient name used for plants with acrid or pungent leaves, a characteristic sometimes found within the genus. While the exact moment of its formal ‘discovery’ is difficult to pinpoint—as humans have likely encountered and interacted with Draba species for millennia—the formal classification and documentation fall within the timeline of botanical exploration and taxonomic development.

The genus is quite diverse, with hundreds of recognized species found in a wide array of habitats, predominantly harsh environments like alpine meadows, rocky slopes, and arctic tundras. The species’ ability to thrive in these challenging conditions has always garnered interest. Early botanists were captivated by plants that demonstrated exceptional resilience in the face of adversity. While no single individual is universally credited with “discovering” Draba, prominent botanists such as Carl Linnaeus, who laid the foundation for modern taxonomy, played a significant role in classifying and organizing many Draba species during the 18th century. Subsequent botanists continued to explore and refine our understanding of Draba’s diversity.

Cultivation of Draba species is not as widespread as with more common garden plants, largely due to their specific environmental requirements. These plants generally prefer cool climates, well-draining, gravelly or sandy soil, and full sun. They are not typically plants one sees at the local garden center. However, some species have gained popularity amongst alpine gardeners and rock garden enthusiasts who appreciate their diminutive size, delicate flowers, and ability to thrive in specialized growing conditions. These enthusiasts often collect seed or propagate plants themselves to introduce them to their gardens. Seed exchanges among alpine plant societies are a crucial avenue for acquiring and sharing different Draba species.

The geographical origins of Draba species are widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, with concentrations of species diversity found in mountainous regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. Their presence in these diverse locales suggests that the genus has a long evolutionary history, adapting to varying microclimates and geological formations over time. Understanding the specific geographical origin of a particular Draba species is often crucial for its successful cultivation, as it provides insights into its specific environmental needs and tolerances. Conservation efforts focusing on Draba often prioritize the protection of its native habitats, especially in regions where species are rare or threatened by habitat loss due to climate change or human activities. By appreciating its resilience and geographical diversity, we can contribute to preserving Draba’s place in the natural world.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Draba species exhibit several adaptations that enable them to thrive in harsh environments. Many are low-growing, forming mats or cushions that help to protect them from wind and extreme temperatures. Their leaves are often small and hairy, reducing water loss through transpiration and providing insulation. Some species have specialized root systems that allow them to anchor themselves in rocky crevices and access limited water resources. Their ability to flower early in the spring, often while snow is still melting, gives them a competitive advantage by allowing them to set seed before other plants can establish.

Propagation Methods

Draba can be propagated by seed or division. Seed propagation is typically used for species that readily self-seed. Seeds should be sown in well-draining soil in a cold frame or unheated greenhouse in the fall or early spring. Division can be used to propagate established plants, particularly those that form clumps or mats. The plants can be carefully divided in the spring or fall, ensuring that each division has a portion of the root system. Some species can also be propagated from stem cuttings, but this method is less common.

Toxicology

Draba species are generally considered non-toxic to humans and pets. There are no known reports of serious adverse effects from ingestion of these plants. However, it’s always advisable to avoid consuming any wild plant unless it is positively identified as edible.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Aphids
• Slugs
• Snails

Diseases:

• Root rot (due to overwatering or poor drainage)
• Fungal leaf spots

Other:

• Yellowing leaves: Often caused by overwatering, poor drainage, or nutrient deficiencies.
• Stunted growth: May be due to insufficient light, poor soil quality, or rootbound conditions.
• Lack of flowering: Can be caused by insufficient light, over-fertilization, or improper watering.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

Some Draba species are considered rare due to their limited geographical distribution, specialized habitat requirements, and vulnerability to habitat loss. Alpine species, in particular, may be threatened by climate change and the melting of glaciers.

Value:

The value of Draba plants depends on several factors, including the species, size, health, and rarity. Rare or unusual species, particularly those with attractive flowers or foliage, are highly sought after by collectors. Larger, well-established plants command higher prices than smaller seedlings.