Basic Information

Common Name: Iberis

Scientific Name: Iberis

Native Habitat: Mediterranean Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor

History / Discovery / Cultivator

Iberis, commonly known as candytuft, boasts a long and fascinating history intertwined with horticulture and botany. The genus Iberis belongs to the Brassicaceae family, which also includes well-known plants like broccoli, cabbage, and mustard. The name “Iberis” itself is derived from the Iberian Peninsula (modern-day Spain and Portugal), where many species of Iberis are native and were first described. The plant’s association with this region speaks to its origins and the early observations of its existence.

While the exact timeline of its discovery is difficult to pinpoint, various species of Iberis have been recognized and utilized for centuries. Its presence in the Mediterranean region meant that early civilizations were undoubtedly familiar with its existence. The Romans, known for their advancements in agriculture and horticulture, likely cultivated Iberis for both ornamental and medicinal purposes, although definitive records are scarce.

The formal botanical classification and description of Iberis species occurred primarily during the 18th century, a period marked by significant exploration and cataloging of the natural world. Prominent botanists such as Carl Linnaeus contributed to the scientific understanding of the genus. Linnaeus, considered the father of modern taxonomy, established the binomial nomenclature system that we still use today to name plants, and he classified several Iberis species within this framework.

The cultivation of Iberis gained momentum in Europe during the Victorian era, a time known for its appreciation of flowers and gardening. The plant’s delicate blooms and sweet fragrance made it a popular choice for borders, rock gardens, and containers. Horticulturists and gardeners began selecting and propagating various forms, leading to the development of numerous cultivars with different flower colors and growth habits. “Candytuft,” the common name, is believed to derive from Candia, the former name of Heraklion on the island of Crete, or possibly from the sweet scent of some varieties.

One particularly popular species, Iberis sempervirens (evergreen candytuft), became a staple in perennial gardens. Its ability to form a low-growing mat of evergreen foliage, coupled with its profuse display of white flowers in spring, made it a valuable addition to landscapes. Other species, such as Iberis umbellata (globe candytuft), offer a range of flower colors, including pink, purple, and white, adding further diversity to the genus.

Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, Iberis has continued to be appreciated by gardeners worldwide. Modern breeding efforts have focused on improving traits such as flower size, bloom time, and disease resistance. Today, Iberis remains a reliable and versatile plant that provides beauty and charm to gardens around the globe. Its history is a testament to its adaptability, aesthetic appeal, and the enduring fascination it holds for botanists and gardeners alike. Its journey from the Iberian Peninsula to gardens across the world underscores its significance in the world of horticulture.

Plant Care Summary

Botanical Insights

Adaptations

Iberis plants exhibit several interesting adaptations that contribute to their survival. Their drought tolerance is a key adaptation, allowing them to thrive in the dry Mediterranean climate. This is facilitated by their ability to store water in their leaves and stems. The evergreen species, like Iberis sempervirens, retain their foliage throughout the year, providing a constant photosynthetic surface and enabling them to take advantage of favorable growing conditions whenever they arise. The plant’s relatively low growth habit allows it to withstand strong winds and exposure to intense sunlight. Finally, the copious production of nectar attracts a wide range of pollinators, ensuring successful seed production.

Propagation Methods

Iberis can be propagated using several methods, including seed propagation and stem cuttings. Seed propagation is a common method, and seeds should be sown in spring or fall. Stem cuttings are also effective, especially for cultivars that may not come true from seed. Take softwood cuttings in late spring or early summer, rooting them in a well-draining medium. Division of established clumps is another method, best done in spring or fall.

Toxicology

While generally considered non-toxic, Iberis can cause mild skin irritation in some individuals upon contact with the sap. Ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, such as nausea or diarrhea. However, serious toxicity is unlikely. For pets, similar mild symptoms may occur if ingested, but the plant is not considered highly poisonous. It is always advisable to keep pets and small children from consuming any plant material, regardless of toxicity level. If ingestion occurs, monitor for any adverse reactions and consult a veterinarian or medical professional if necessary.

Common Problems

Pests:

• Aphids
• Slugs
• Cabbage white butterfly larvae

Diseases:

• Root rot (especially in poorly draining soils)
• Fungal leaf spot
• Downy mildew

Other:

• Yellowing leaves: Often caused by overwatering or poor drainage.
• Leggy growth: Can result from insufficient sunlight. Prune back to encourage bushier growth.
• Poor flowering: Insufficient sunlight or over-fertilizing can inhibit flowering.

Rarity & Value

Rarity:

While common species like Iberis sempervirens are readily available, certain cultivars or less common species may be considered somewhat rare. Rarity can also stem from difficulties in propagation, such as specific cultivars that are challenging to reproduce true to type. Limited availability in nurseries or specialist plant collections can also contribute to a higher perceived rarity.

Value:

The value of Iberis plants typically depends on factors such as size, health, and the specific cultivar. Larger, well-established plants generally command higher prices. Unique or particularly attractive cultivars, especially those with unusual flower colors or growth habits, may also be more valuable. Current trends in gardening and landscaping can also influence demand and, consequently, value. Generally, Iberis is an affordable plant, but specific prized cultivars can fetch a higher price.